Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,679 questions · 1,720 findings · 335 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 192 · 11.2%GRADE not reported 75 · 4.4%Very low 526 · 30.6%Low 504 · 29.3%Moderate 305 · 17.7%High 118 · 6.9%

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with high dose (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with ultra low dose (<2 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to lower leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to lower leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason ‐ when compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pre‐eclampsia · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at… compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Severe maternal morbidity and mortality index · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in severe maternal morbidity and mortality index compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pregnancy loss or stillbirth at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pregnancy loss or stillbirth at any gestational age compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Caesarean section · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Low birthweight · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium showed no clear difference in birthweight < 2500 g compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether calcium changes apgar < 7 at 5 minutes compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Perinatal death, or NICU admission for > 24 hours (or both) · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium showed no clear difference in perinatal death, or NICU admission for > 24 hours (or both) compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Pregnancy loss, stillbirth or neonatal death before discharge · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium showed no clear difference in pregnancy loss, stillbirth or NND before discharge compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review