What do systematic reviews say?

Statins vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether statin therapy changes rhabdomyolysis compared with placebo or standard of care (very low certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.07 [0.13, 75.37]
  2 studies · 2618 participants
  Very low

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy probably leads to lower myocardial infarction compared with placebo or standard of care (moderate certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.42, 0.73]
  10 studies · 9475 participants
  Moderate

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy showed no clear difference in stroke compared with placebo or standard of care (moderate certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.37, 1.08]
  7 studies · 9158 participants
  Moderate

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy showed no clear difference in kidney failure compared with placebo or standard of care (moderate certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.91, 1.05]
  3 studies · 6704 participants
  Moderate

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy showed no clear difference in hospitalisation due to heart failure compared with placebo or standard of care (low certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.7 [0.37, 1.32]
  1 study · 579 participants
  Low

PUFA vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ PUFA may leads to higher ADHD symptoms – improvement – medium term compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.95 [1.47, 2.6]
  3 studies · 191 participants
  Low

PUFA vs placebo

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 1166 participants
  High

PUFA vs placebo

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 960 participants
  High

PUFA vs placebo

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 869 participants
  High

PUFA vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ PUFA showed no clear difference in side effects – overall compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.69, 1.52]
  8 studies · 591 participants
  Moderate

PUFA vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ PUFA showed no clear difference in loss to compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.77, 1.37]
  13 studies · 1121 participants
  Moderate

Omeprazole vs placebo

• Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Esomeprazole vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Esomeprazole vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Esomeprazole vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Omeprazole vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Omeprazole vs placebo

• Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Omeprazole vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Esomeprazole vs placebo

• Pharmacological treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 52 participants
  Very low

Statins vs placebo

• Statins for women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 37 participants
  Very low