Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,230 questions · 1,303 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 73 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 21 · 1.6%Very low 497 · 38.1%Low 403 · 30.9%Moderate 245 · 18.8%High 64 · 4.9%

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional status, long‐term · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (long‐term) WOMAC (0 to 96; inverted scores so… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes functional ability (short‐term) FIQ modified (0 to 16; higher scores… compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐platinum therapies vs platinum combination

Grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity for platinum therapies ‐ anemia · non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population

Non‐platinum therapies may leads to higher grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity for platinum therapies ‐… compared with platinum combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐platinum therapies vs platinum combination

Grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity for platinum therapies ‐ thrombocytopenia · non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population

Non‐platinum therapies may leads to higher grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity for platinum therapies ‐… compared with platinum combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐platinum therapies vs platinum combination

Grade 3 or higher Non‐Hematological Toxicity for Platinum‐based therapies ‐ Peripheral neuropathy · non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population

Non‐platinum therapies may leads to higher grade 3 or higher Non‐Hematological Toxicity for Platinum‐based… compared with platinum combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FAE vs placebo

PASI score (scale range from 0 to 72 (higher score indicates more severe psoriasis)) · psoriasis
1 finding from 1 review

FAE vs MTX

PASI score (scale range from 0 to 72 (higher score indicates more severe psoriasis)) · psoriasis
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise vs control (exercise only)

Pain at 3 to 6 months Scale from: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Adults (recruited from health clinics or military recruits) with PFPS (duration of symptoms ranged from acute, under 2 to 3 weeks in two…

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise changes pain score (VAS) Scale from: 0 to 10 (higher scores mean worse pain) compared with control (exercise only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Steepness of the cornea (maximal keratometry) (measured using dioptres. A higher dioptre represents steeper cornea and worse outcome) · people with keratoconus
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) (measured using logMAR scale. A score of 0 = good vision, higher score is worse vision) · people with keratoconus
1 finding from 1 review