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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR H2RA versus placebo · patients with heartburn remission in endoscopy negative reflux disease Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.74, 0.95] | 2 studies · 514 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR PPI versus H2RA · patients with heartburn remission in endoscopy negative reflux disease Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.62, 0.97] | 4 studies · 960 participants | Low |
Intervention NR PPI versus prokinetic · patients with heartburn remission in endoscopy negative reflux disease Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.56, 0.92] | 1 study · 302 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery Septic abdominal complications (presence or absence) Clinical definition · patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer disease (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.66 [0.3, 1.47] | 2 studies · 214 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery Pulmonary complications (presence or absence) · patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer disease (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.52 [0.08, 3.55] | 3 studies · 315 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery Surgical site infection · patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer disease (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.28 [0.08, 1] | 3 studies · 315 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery Suture dehiscence · patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer disease (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.52 [0.29, 7.98] | 3 studies · 315 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery Postoperative ileus · patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer disease (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.54 [0.16, 1.8] | 3 studies · 315 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery Intra‐abdominal abscess · patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer disease (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.15 [0.33, 4.03] | 3 studies · 315 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic surgery vs open surgery Operative time · patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer disease (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 214 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the toxic and side effects in digestive system after chemotherapy (no special data in trial of Zhang 2006) · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.43 [0.28, 0.66] | 6 studies · 388 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the rate of complete remission and partly remission · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.48 [0.78, 2.81] | 3 studies · 153 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the toxic and side effects in digestive system after chemotherapy · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.13 [0.18, 7.24] | 3 studies · 153 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the toxic and side effects of leukopenia after chemotherapy · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.18, 0.74] | 3 studies · 153 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the rate of complete remission and partly remission (Copy) · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.48 [1.01, 2.17] | 7 studies · 448 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the toxic and side effects of leukopenia after chemotherapy(no special data in trial of Zhang 2006) · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.21, 0.5] | 6 studies · 388 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the rate of complete remission and partly remission(no special data in trial of Zhang 2009) · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.51 [0.94, 2.41] | 5 studies · 287 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the toxic and side effects in digestive system after chemotherapy · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.2, 0.54] | 6 studies · 354 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the toxic and side effects of leukopenia after chemotherapy(no special data in trial of Jia 2003, Zhang 2009) · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.43 [0.23, 0.8] | 4 studies · 242 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the rate of complete remission and partly remission(no special data in trial of Fu 2011) · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.22 [0.83, 1.79] | 6 studies · 423 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the toxic and side effects in digestive system after chemotherapy(no special data in trial of Fu 2011, Liu 2009a, Zhang 2010) · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.42 [0.26, 0.69] | 4 studies · 302 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR the toxic and side effects of leukopenia after chemotherapy · patients with induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer Chinese herbal medicines for induction of remission in advanced or late gastric cancer (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.25, 0.56] | 7 studies · 503 participants | Very low |
High vs non‐high (medium or low) dose regimen Mortality · patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding Comparison of different regimens of proton pump inhibitors for acute peptic ulcer bleeding (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.47, 1.54] | 12 studies · 1667 participants | Low |
High vs non‐high (medium or low) dose regimen Rebleeding · patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding Comparison of different regimens of proton pump inhibitors for acute peptic ulcer bleeding (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [0.96, 1.67] | 13 studies · 1716 participants | Low |
High vs non‐high (medium or low) dose regimen Surgery · patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding Comparison of different regimens of proton pump inhibitors for acute peptic ulcer bleeding (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.63, 2.77] | 9 studies · 1270 participants | Low |
High vs non‐high (medium or low) dose regimen Further EHT · patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding Comparison of different regimens of proton pump inhibitors for acute peptic ulcer bleeding (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.88, 2.18] | 6 studies · 902 participants | Low |
High vs non‐high (medium or low) dose regimen Length of hospital stay · patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding Comparison of different regimens of proton pump inhibitors for acute peptic ulcer bleeding (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1069 participants | Moderate |
High vs non‐high (medium or low) dose regimen Blood transfusions · patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding Comparison of different regimens of proton pump inhibitors for acute peptic ulcer bleeding (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1069 participants | Moderate |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Overall survival among all patients · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.81 [0.73, 0.89] | 14 studies · 2422 participants | High |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Presence of tumor‐free resection margin · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.42 [0.97, 2.06] | 10 studies · 1665 participants | Moderate |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Tumor stage at resection (T0 to T2 vs T3 to T4) · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.53 [1.02, 2.31] | 8 studies · 1410 participants | Moderate |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Tumor stage at resection (N0 vs N+) · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 2.43 [1.48, 3.99] | 8 studies · 1507 participants | Low |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Postoperative morbidity RD · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1397 participants | High |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Postoperative mortality RD · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1606 participants | Moderate |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Disease‐free survival (landmark time 6 months) · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.84 [0.69, 1.01] | 7 studies · 931 participants | High |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Overall survival by type of data ‐ Individual patient data · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.8 [0.66, 0.97] | 8 studies · 1049 participants | High |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Overall survival by type of data ‐ Aggregated data · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.81 [0.72, 0.92] | 6 studies · 1373 participants | Moderate |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Overall survival by tumor site ‐ Esophagus · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.87 [0.73, 1.05] | 5 studies · 473 participants | High |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Overall survival by tumor site ‐ GE junction · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.69 [0.54, 0.87] | 6 studies · 470 participants | High |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Overall survival by tumor site ‐ Stomach · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.94 [0.82, 1.06] | 7 studies · 828 participants | High |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Overall survival by chemo‐/radiotherapy ‐ Chemotherapy only · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.83 [0.75, 0.91] | 10 studies · 2033 participants | High |
Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery Overall survival by chemo‐/radiotherapy ‐ Chemoradiotherapy · resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.7 [0.5, 0.99] | 4 studies · 389 participants | Moderate |
PPI triple therapy for 14 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, regardless of regimen and dose · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.6, 0.74] | 45 studies · 7722 participants | Moderate |
PPI triple therapy for 10 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, PAN subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.65, 1.12] | 4 studies · 573 participants | Low |
PPI triple therapy for 10 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, PAQ subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.36, 0.95] | 2 studies · 346 participants | Low |
PPI triple therapy for 10 days vs 7 days H. pylori persistence, PANi subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.52, 1.2] | 1 study · 290 participants | Very low |
PPI triple therapy for 10 days vs 7 days Patients with adverse events, regardless of regimen and dose · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.87, 1.3] | 11 studies · 2089 participants | Moderate |
PPI triple therapy for 14 days vs 10 days H.pylori persistence, regardless of regimen and dose · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.58, 0.9] | 12 studies · 2111 participants | Moderate |
PPI triple therapy for 14 days vs 10 days H.pylori persistence, PCA subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.52, 0.91] | 10 studies · 1596 participants | Moderate |
PPI triple therapy for 14 days vs 10 days H.pylori persistence, PAN subgroup · patients with Helicobacter pylori infection Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.54, 1.15] | 4 studies · 515 participants | Low |