Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,935 questions · 1,986 findings · 260 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 503 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 76 · 3.8%Very low 593 · 29.9%Low 509 · 25.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 64 · 3.2%

Intervention not reported

Fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The intervention leads to higher fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐nicotine/placebo EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐nicotine/placebo EC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Nortriptyline · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The intervention probably leads to higher nortriptyline (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Discussions of EoL/EoL care: discussion timing and length EMR review post‐death Timing: at time of family conference (intervention) in ICU; post‐death  · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers
1 finding from 1 review

Primary care physician alerting system vs primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed intervention (education and reminder to see their primary care physician)

Medication2 · General practitioners/family doctors involved in the management of patients with osteoporosis

Primary care physician alerting system showed no clear difference in medication2 compared with primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dexamethasone vs placebo

Incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS)‐ Follow‐ up: From arrival to 24 hours later · participants at risk of high altitude illness

Dexamethasone showed no clear difference in incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS)‐ Follow‐ up: From arrival… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review