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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders

current versions
No studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Intervention NR
Red blood cell dehydration · adults and children with sickle cell disease
Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 524 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Quality of life: Days of work lost per crisis · adults and children with sickle cell disease
Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 145 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Number of other sickle‐related events: · adults and children with sickle cell disease
Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 90 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Vitamin A deficiency disorders · children and adults with CF
Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Growth and nutritional status:z‐score for height · children and adults with CF
Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 24 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Mortality · children and adults with CF
Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Respiratory outcomes: FEV1 (% predicted): · children and adults with CF
Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 24 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Respiratory outcomes: Antibiotic days per patient in past 3 months · children and adults with CF
Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 24 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Adverse events · children and adults with CF
Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 24 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Appearance or exacerbation of gastroesophageal reflux episode: clinical test · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis
Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 40 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Appearance or exacerbation of gastroesophageal reflux episodes: pulmonary events · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis
Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 20 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Peripheral oxygen saturation (%) · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis
Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 20 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Number of exacerbations of upper respiratory tract symptoms · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis
Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Number of days on antibiotics for acute exacerbations · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis
Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Chest X‐ray scores · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis
Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 12 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Pulmonary function test (FVC) % predicted · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis
Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane
MD 161 study · 14 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Outcomes1 · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease
Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease
Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 80 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Haemoglobin concentration Haematological analyses were performed in the 100/115 (87%) children in whom baseline (within 2 months of entry to study) and 1 year (between 10 and 14 months after entry) · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease
Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 100 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Adverse events ‐ acute splenic sequestration Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease
Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.07 [0.44, 2.57]1 study · 115 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Adverse events ‐ painful episodes Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease
Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.16 [0.7, 1.92]1 study · 115 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Adverse events ‐ minor Infections Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease
Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
RR 0.99 [0.85, 1.15]1 study · 115 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Adverse events ‐ major infections Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease
Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
RR 0.89 [0.47, 1.66]1 study · 115 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Adverse events ‐ dactylitis Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease
Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane
RR 0.67 [0.37, 1.27]1 study · 115 participantsLow
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash)
Major bleeding requiring transfusion of packed red blood cells · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · 7 days
Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane
RD -0.00 [-0.05, 0.04]2 studies · 128 participantsUngraded
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash)
Number of immediate and delayed postoperative bleeding episodes requiring intervention · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · Immediate (<24 h) and delayed (24 h to 10 days); bleeds occurred 1, 3 or 5 days postoperatively
Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane
RD -0.22 [-0.35, -0.10]1 study · 89 participantsUngraded
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash)
Any postoperative complication except bleeding (e.g. wound infection) · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · 7 days
Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane
RD -0.02 [-0.07, 0.03]2 studies · 128 participantsUngraded
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash)
Number of participants with postoperative bleedings requiring intervention · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · 7 days
Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane
RD -0.25 [-0.36, -0.14]2 studies · 128 participantsModerate
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash)
Amount of postoperative blood loss (mL) · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and…
Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studiesNo studies
Intervention NR
Change of hepatocellular enzymes1 · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease
Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 16 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Abnormally large livers reduced to within normal limits, as measured by ultrasound · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease
Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Need for liver transplantation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease
Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 58 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease
Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 58 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Nutritional status: change in weight (kg) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease
Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 30 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Development of portal hypertension · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease
Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 30 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Improved abnormal biliary excretion · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease
Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 12 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Change in weight (kg):1 at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 102 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Change in height (cm):1 at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 102 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Change in total calories (Kcal/day): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 58 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Change in total protein (g/day): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 58 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Change in total fat (g/day): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 58 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Adverse events: · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 1 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Change in lung function ‐ FEV₁ (% predicted): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 70 participantsLow
Deferasirox vs deferoxamine
Mortality at any time point · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia
Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.48 [0.09, 2.63]8 studies · 1170 participantsLow
Deferasirox vs deferiprone
Serum ferritin (ng/mL): mean change from baseline and at end of study · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia
Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 83 participantsVery low
Deferasirox vs deferiprone
LIC (mg/g) evaluated by MRI R2*: mean change from baseline · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia
Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 45 participantsVery low
Deferasirox vs deferiprone
Satisfaction · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia
Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Deferasirox vs deferiprone
Adherence: discontinuations · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia
Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.16 [0.01, 2.99]3 studies · 179 participantsLow
Deferasirox vs deferiprone
Renal failure · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia
Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 38 participantsVery low
Deferasirox alone vs combined deferasirox and deferiprone
Mortality at any time point · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia
Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 participantsUngraded