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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Red blood cell dehydration · adults and children with sickle cell disease Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 524 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quality of life: Days of work lost per crisis · adults and children with sickle cell disease Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 145 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of other sickle‐related events: · adults and children with sickle cell disease Drugs for preventing red blood cell dehydration in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Vitamin A deficiency disorders · children and adults with CF Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Growth and nutritional status:z‐score for height · children and adults with CF Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mortality · children and adults with CF Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Respiratory outcomes: FEV1 (% predicted): · children and adults with CF Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Respiratory outcomes: Antibiotic days per patient in past 3 months · children and adults with CF Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · children and adults with CF Vitamin A and beta (β)‐carotene supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Appearance or exacerbation of gastroesophageal reflux episode: clinical test · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 40 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Appearance or exacerbation of gastroesophageal reflux episodes: pulmonary events · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Peripheral oxygen saturation (%) · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of exacerbations of upper respiratory tract symptoms · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Number of days on antibiotics for acute exacerbations · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Chest X‐ray scores · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pulmonary function test (FVC) % predicted · infants and young children with cystic fibrosis Standard (head‐down tilt) versus modified (without head‐down tilt) postural drainage in infants and young… (2018) · Cochrane | MD 16 | 1 study · 14 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Outcomes1 · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Haemoglobin concentration Haematological analyses were performed in the 100/115 (87%) children in whom baseline (within 2 months of entry to study) and 1 year (between 10 and 14 months after entry) · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ acute splenic sequestration Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.44, 2.57] | 1 study · 115 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ painful episodes Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.7, 1.92] | 1 study · 115 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ minor Infections Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.85, 1.15] | 1 study · 115 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ major infections Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.47, 1.66] | 1 study · 115 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ dactylitis Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease Folate supplementation in people with sickle cell disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.37, 1.27] | 1 study · 115 participants | Low |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) Major bleeding requiring transfusion of packed red blood cells · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · 7 days Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | RD -0.00 [-0.05, 0.04] | 2 studies · 128 participants | Ungraded |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) Number of immediate and delayed postoperative bleeding episodes requiring intervention · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · Immediate (<24 h) and delayed (24 h to 10 days); bleeds occurred 1, 3 or 5 days postoperatively Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | RD -0.22 [-0.35, -0.10] | 1 study · 89 participants | Ungraded |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) Any postoperative complication except bleeding (e.g. wound infection) · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · 7 days Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | RD -0.02 [-0.07, 0.03] | 2 studies · 128 participants | Ungraded |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) Number of participants with postoperative bleedings requiring intervention · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… · 7 days Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | RD -0.25 [-0.36, -0.14] | 2 studies · 128 participants | Moderate |
Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) Amount of postoperative blood loss (mL) · People on continuous VKA treatment undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions (eligibility included DOACs and… Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Intervention NR Change of hepatocellular enzymes1 · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 16 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Abnormally large livers reduced to within normal limits, as measured by ultrasound · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Need for liver transplantation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 58 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 58 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Nutritional status: change in weight (kg) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 30 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Development of portal hypertension · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 30 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Improved abnormal biliary excretion · adults and children with cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in weight (kg):1 at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Change in height (cm):1 at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Change in total calories (Kcal/day): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in total protein (g/day): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in total fat (g/day): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events: · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Change in lung function ‐ FEV₁ (% predicted): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Deferasirox vs deferoxamine Mortality at any time point · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.09, 2.63] | 8 studies · 1170 participants | Low |
Deferasirox vs deferiprone Serum ferritin (ng/mL): mean change from baseline and at end of study · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 83 participants | Very low |
Deferasirox vs deferiprone LIC (mg/g) evaluated by MRI R2*: mean change from baseline · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Deferasirox vs deferiprone Satisfaction · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Deferasirox vs deferiprone Adherence: discontinuations · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.16 [0.01, 2.99] | 3 studies · 179 participants | Low |
Deferasirox vs deferiprone Renal failure · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Deferasirox alone vs combined deferasirox and deferiprone Mortality at any time point · people with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia Deferasirox for managing iron overload in people with thalassaemia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |