Intervention not reported
Mortality within 30 days of · surgical patients with need for abdominal, caesarean section, orthopaedic or breast surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality within 30 days of · surgical patients with need for abdominal, caesarean section, orthopaedic or breast surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Surgical site infection within 30 days in trials with low risk of bias (14 days to 30 days) · surgical patients with need for abdominal, caesarean section, orthopaedic or breast surgery
The intervention showed no clear difference in surgical site infection within 30 days in trials with low risk of… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Surgical site infection within 30 days, irrespective of risk of bias (14 days to 30 days) · surgical patients with need for abdominal, caesarean section, orthopaedic or breast surgery
The intervention showed no clear difference in surgical site infection within 30 days, irrespective of risk of bias… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Respiratory insufficiency · surgical patients with need for abdominal, caesarean section, orthopaedic or breast surgery
The intervention showed no clear difference in respiratory insufficiency (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hypoxaemia · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
235 participants
GRADE not reported
Changes to patient care · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
21037 participants
GRADE not reported
Complications · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
20802 participants
GRADE not reported
In‐hospital mortality · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
22021 participants
GRADE not reported
Death from all causes Range of · patients undergoing primary tumour surgery
Epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia showed no clear difference in death from all causes Range of compared with general anaesthesia alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tumour progression or death from all causes Range of · patients undergoing primary tumour surgery
It is very uncertain whether epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia changes tumour progression or death from all causes Range of compared with general anaesthesia alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tumour progression Median · patients undergoing primary tumour surgery
It is very uncertain whether epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia changes tumour progression Median compared with general anaesthesia alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Reported mortality, low risk of bias studies only · patients undergoing surgery
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes reported mortality, low risk of bias studies only (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Acute renal injury, low‐risk studies only · patients undergoing surgery
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes acute renal injury, low‐risk studies only (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Arrhythmias ‐ by drug type in all patients · Adult patients 18 years and above undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Arrhythmias ‐ high risk patients · Adult patients 18 years and above undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Myocardial Ischaemia ‐ by drug type in all patients · Adult patients 18 years and above undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Myocardial Ischaemia ‐ high risk patients · Adult patients 18 years and above undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative delirium (One study used DRS, three studies used CAM and in one study diagnostic tool was not reported) Time points were up to 4 days postoperatively
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings TIVA changes postoperative delirium (One study used DRS, three studies used CAM… compared with inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (9 studies used MMSE, and 2 of these studies used additional diagnostic tools; 1 study used Trail Making Test and additional diagnostic tools; 3 studies did not report diagnostic tools) Time points were up to 30...
Summary of findings TIVA may leads to lower postoperative cognitive dysfunction (9 studies used MMSE, and 2 of… compared with inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review