What do systematic reviews say?

Prednisone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Prednisone showed no clear difference in children with any continuing kidney disease at 3 months compared with placebo or supportive treatment (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in IgA vasculitis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.46, 1.52]
  4 studies · 655 participants
  Moderate
• Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in IgA vasculitis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.7, 1.36]
  3 studies · 487 participants
  High

Prednisone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Prednisone showed no clear difference in children with any continuing kidney disease at 6 months compared with placebo or supportive treatment (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in IgA vasculitis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.51 [0.24, 1.11]
  3 studies · 379 participants
  Moderate

Prednisone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Prednisone showed no clear difference in children with any continuing kidney disease at 12 months compared with placebo or supportive treatment (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in IgA vasculitis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.38, 2.91]
  3 studies · 455 participants
  Low
• Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in IgA vasculitis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.39 [0.75, 2.59]
  2 studies · 287 participants
  Moderate

Prednisone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Prednisone showed no clear difference in number developing severe kidney disease compared with placebo or supportive treatment (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing and treating kidney disease in IgA vasculitis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.58 [0.42, 6]
  2 studies · 418 participants
  Low

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs pharm standard

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm showed no clear difference in retention in treatment Objective compared with pharm standard (high certainty).

• Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for treatment of… 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.07]
  26 studies · 2582 participants
  High

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs pharm standard

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm showed no clear difference in opioid abstinence objective compared with pharm standard (high certainty).

• Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for treatment of… 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.91, 1.56]
  7 studies · 667 participants
  High

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs pharm standard

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm showed no clear difference in number of participants still in treatment at the end of compared with pharm standard (high certainty).

• Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for treatment of… 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.77, 1.07]
  3 studies · 250 participants
  High

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs pharm standard

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm showed no clear difference in number of participants abstinent at the end of compared with pharm standard (high certainty).

• Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for treatment of… 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.15 [0.98, 1.36]
  3 studies · 181 participants
  High

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs pharm standard

• Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for treatment of… 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 685 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine tapering (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.14 [1, 1.29]
  111 studies · 33156 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in varenicline (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.18 [0.93, 1.49]
  42 studies · 13407 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in cytisine (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.94 [0.58, 1.5]
  5 studies · 2915 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine patch (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.96 [0.71, 1.29]
  27 studies · 12602 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.07 [0.75, 1.54]
  18 studies · 5551 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine EC (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.79 [0.5, 1.23]
  7 studies · 1642 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in bupropion (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.35 [0.97, 1.92]
  22 studies · 7231 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher varenicline (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.33 [2.02, 2.68]
  67 studies · 16430 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher cytisine (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.21 [1.66, 2.97]
  7 studies · 3848 participants
  High