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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
MHRV vs placebo Quality of life SGRQ Scale from 0 to 100 (0 on the scale is better) · asthmatics with sensitivity to house dust mite Dehumidifiers for chronic asthma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
MHRV vs placebo Exacerbations needing oral steroids · asthmatics with sensitivity to house dust mite Dehumidifiers for chronic asthma (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.52 [0.22, 1.24] | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
MHRV vs placebo Exacerbations needing ED visit · asthmatics with sensitivity to house dust mite Dehumidifiers for chronic asthma (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.84 [0.32, 10.52] | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
MHRV vs placebo Exacerbations needing hospitalisation · asthmatics with sensitivity to house dust mite Dehumidifiers for chronic asthma (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.09 [0, 1.72] | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Beta2‐agonists vs placebo (single administration) Maximal percentage fall in FEV1 · exercise‐induced asthma Beta₂‐agonists for exercise‐induced asthma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 72 studies · 799 participants | Moderate |
Beta2‐agonists vs placebo (single administration) Number of participants with an FEV1 fall > 10% · exercise‐induced asthma Beta₂‐agonists for exercise‐induced asthma (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.08 [0.06, 0.13] | 19 studies · 773 participants | Moderate |
Beta2‐agonists vs placebo (single administration) Maximal percentage fall in PEF · exercise‐induced asthma Beta₂‐agonists for exercise‐induced asthma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 92 participants | Low |
Beta2‐agonists vs placebo (single administration) Maximal percentage fall in FEF25‐75% · exercise‐induced asthma Beta₂‐agonists for exercise‐induced asthma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 106 participants | Low |
Beta2‐agonists vs placebo (single administration) Side effects · exercise‐induced asthma Beta₂‐agonists for exercise‐induced asthma (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.43, 1.59] | 55 studies · 2165 participants | Low |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control Inspiratory muscle strength (PImax; cmH2O) · Participants with asthma Inspiratory muscle training for asthma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 84 participants | Low |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control Exacerbations requiring a course of oral or inhaled corticosteroids or emergency department visits · Participants with asthma Inspiratory muscle training for asthma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control PEmax cmH2O · Participants with asthma Inspiratory muscle training for asthma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 38 participants | Very low |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control FEV1 (actual values at end of intervention) L · Participants with asthma Inspiratory muscle training for asthma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control Dyspnoea Measured using Borg scale · Participants with asthma Inspiratory muscle training for asthma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control Use of beta2‐agonist Puffs per day · Participants with asthma Inspiratory muscle training for asthma (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Combined inhalers vs placebo (primary outcomes) Annual exacerbation rates · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.73 [0.69, 0.78] | 7473 participants | Moderate |
Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) vs placebo Adverse events—'serious'—320/94 Duration of 10 months3 · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.17 [0.95, 1.45] | 2476 participants | Low |
Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) vs placebo Adverse events—'serious'—160/94 Duration of nine months 3 · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.2 [0.89, 1.63] | 1556 participants | Low |
Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) vs placebo Adverse event—any—400/103 Duration of six months · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.75, 1.3] | 890 participants | Low |
Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) vs placebo Adverse event—any—200/103 Duration of six months · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.82 [0.62, 1.09] | 894 participants | Low |
Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) vs placebo Adverse events—serious—400/103 Duration of six months · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.09 [0.66, 1.79] | 890 participants | Low |
Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) vs placebo Adverse events—serious—200/103 Duration of six months · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.71 [0.41, 1.23] | 894 participants | Low |
Combined inhalers vs placebo (primary outcomes) Participants with at least one exacerbation Duration of six months3 · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.66, 0.93] | 3141 participants | Moderate |
Combined inhalers vs placebo (primary outcomes) Mortality Duration of 18 months3 · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.82 [0.68, 0.99] | 16 studies · 10129 participants | Moderate |
Combined inhalers vs placebo (primary outcomes) Pneumonia Duration of 18 months3 · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.62 [1.36, 1.94] | 14 studies · 9620 participants | Moderate |
Combined inhalers vs placebo (primary outcomes) Hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations Duration of 18 months3 · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.93 [0.81, 1.06] | 12 studies · 9492 participants | Low |
Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) vs placebo Adverse events—any Duration of two years1 · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.09 [0.95, 1.25] | 5574 participants | Low |
Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) vs placebo Adverse events—'serious' Duration of two years1 · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.08 [0.95, 1.23] | 5531 participants | Low |
Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) vs placebo Adverse event—any—320/94 Duration of nine months 3 · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.42 [1.16, 1.74] | 1552 participants | Low |
Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) vs placebo Adverse event—any—160/94 Duration of nine months 3 · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.32 [1.08, 1.61] | 1556 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Exacerbation rates per participant per year · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone… (2013) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.87 [0.8, 0.94] | 6 studies · 5601 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.64, 0.94] | 12 studies · 7518 participants | High |
Intervention NR Pneumonia · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.08 [0.91, 1.28] | 12 studies · 7320 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.93 [0.8, 1.07] | 10 studies · 7060 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events－serious Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) versus fluticasone (FP) · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.05 [0.82, 1.34] | 7 studies · 5055 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events－serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus budesonide (BD) · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.93 [0.72, 1.21] | 3 studies · 1469 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events－serious Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) versus Mometasone (MF) · patients with COPD Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.63, 1.67] | 2 studies · 905 participants | Low |
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice Patients with exacerbations causing hospitalisation · adults with asthma that is not controlled on ICS Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.81 [0.45, 1.44] | 8 studies · 8841 participants | Low |
Single inhaler therapy vs fixed dose ICS Discontinuation due to adverse events · patients with asthma in adults not controlled on regular ICS Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.57 [0.35, 0.93] | 2 studies · 2586 participants | High |
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice Patients with exacerbations treated with oral steroids · adults with asthma that is not controlled on ICS Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98] | 8 studies · 8841 participants | Moderate |
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice Fatal serious adverse events · adults with asthma that is not controlled on ICS Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.95 [0.53, 7.21] | 8 studies · 8841 participants | Low |
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice Serious adverse events (non‐fatal) · adults with asthma that is not controlled on ICS Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.2 [0.9, 1.6] | 8 studies · 8841 participants | Low |
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice Discontinuation due to adverse events · adults with asthma that is not controlled on ICS Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 2.85 [1.89, 4.3] | 7 studies · 8411 participants | Moderate |
Single inhaler therapy vs fixed dose ICS Patients with exacerbations causing hospitalisation · patients with asthma in adults not controlled on regular ICS Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.56 [0.28, 1.09] | 3 studies · 4209 participants | Moderate |
Single inhaler therapy vs fixed dose ICS Patients with exacerbations treated with oral steroids · patients with asthma in adults not controlled on regular ICS Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.54 [0.45, 0.64] | 4 studies · 4280 participants | High |
Single inhaler therapy vs fixed dose ICS Fatal serious adverse events · patients with asthma in adults not controlled on regular ICS Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.05, 2.62] | 3 studies · 4209 participants | Moderate |
Single inhaler therapy vs fixed dose ICS Serious adverse events (non‐fatal) · patients with asthma in adults not controlled on regular ICS Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice… (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.73, 1.29] | 3 studies · 4209 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings (water exercise vs no exercise) Exercise capacity ‐ functional Six‐minute walk test (mean distance change in metres) · people with COPD Water‐based exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 99 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings (water exercise vs no exercise) Exercise capacity ‐ peak Incremental shuttle walk test (mean distance change in metres) · people with COPD Water‐based exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 30 participants | High |
Summary of findings (water exercise vs no exercise) Exercise capacity ‐ endurance Endurance shuttle walk test (mean distance change in metres) · people with COPD Water‐based exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 30 participants | High |