Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,756 questions · 11,779 findings · 747 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 3,205 · 27.2%GRADE not reported 628 · 5.3%Very low 3,261 · 27.7%Low 2,913 · 24.7%Moderate 1,453 · 12.3%High 319 · 2.7%

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Summary of findings table ‐ Topical capsaicin vs placebo

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) pruritus

Summary of findings table ‐ Topical capsaicin may leads to higher risk for at least one adverse event per patient compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifampin/rifampicin vs placebo

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · participants with cholestatic pruritus (CP)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifampin/rifampicin changes risk for at least one adverse event per patient compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enalapril ointment vs placebo

Change in burn‐related pruritus (VAS) ( · people with postburn pruritus

Enalapril ointment showed no clear difference in change in burn‐related pruritus (Scoring table for itching) ( compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Massage vs usual care

Pain VAS for pain ( · people with postburn pruritus

Massage therapy showed no clear difference in pain VAS for pain ( compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery vs preoperative pharmacological therapy and surgery

Surgery for recurrent or persistent disease · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas

It is very uncertain whether surgery alone changes surgery for recurrent or persistent disease compared with preoperative pharmacological therapy and surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery vs preoperative pharmacological therapy and surgery

Non‐surgical therapy for recurrent or persistent diseaseRadiation therapy and/or pharmacologic therapy for recurrent or persistent disease · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas

It is very uncertain whether surgery alone changes non‐surgical therapy for recurrent or persistent diseaseRadiation… compared with preoperative pharmacological therapy and surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Doxycycline vs prednisolone

Quality of life (DLQI) adjusted for baseline DLQI, disease severity, age, Karnovsky score, baseline versus week 52. A lower score is more favourable. · bullous pemphigoid
1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

Pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… may leads to lower depression: meeting the criteria for depression at end of treatment… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g.… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review