Intervention not reported
Change in weight over 12 months (kg) (higher is better) · children with persistent asthma
The intervention showed no clear difference in change in weight over 12 months (kg) (higher is better) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Change in BMI over 12 months (kg/m2) (higher is better) · children with persistent asthma
The intervention showed no clear difference in change in BMI over 12 months (kg/m2) (higher is better) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Change in skeletal maturation over 12 months (years) (higher is better) · children with persistent asthma
The intervention may leads to higher change in skeletal maturation over 12 months (years) (higher is… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Outcomes · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Mortality, all‐cause · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality, all‐cause (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality, due to pneumonia · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality, due to pneumonia (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
All pneumonia events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention showed no clear difference in all pneumonia events (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Withdrawals · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention leads to lower withdrawals (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital admission) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention leads to higher non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital… (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality, all‐cause · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality, all‐cause (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality, due to pneumonia · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality, due to pneumonia (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
All pneumonia events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention probably leads to higher all pneumonia events (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Withdrawals · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention leads to lower withdrawals (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Outcomes · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital admission) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation
1 finding from 1 review
Time to regular dose of short‐acting beta2‐agonists (hours) · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation
1 finding from 1 review
Asthma clinical scores · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation
Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in asthma clinical scores compared with beta2‐agonists alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review