Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,036 questions · 1,100 findings · 261 reviews

No studies found 160 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 188 · 17.1%Very low 270 · 24.5%Low 303 · 27.5%Moderate 139 · 12.6%High 40 · 3.6%

ZOTEPINE vs CLOZAPINE

Global state: No clinically important response (as defined by the original studies) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ZOTEPINE changes global state: No clinically important response (as defined by the… compared with CLOZAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Resorbable (bioresorbable) plates or screws for fixation vs Titanium plates or screws for fixation

Swelling (mean) · Adults over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma (malar); studies on fractures of…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
    0 to 48 hours after surgery
    Planned secondary outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our…
    0 studies
    No studies found

Two-phase oil-water mouthrinse (0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride) vs Essential oils mouthrinse (Listerine)

Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    6 weeks
    Kozlovsky 1996 (6-week parallel comparison): mean organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). Two-phase oil-water (0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride): 2.14 (SD 0.88) at baseline to 0.42 (SD 0.55) at week 6 (about 80% reduction);…
    1 study · 50 participants
    GRADE not reported

Minimal incision palatopharyngoplasty (MIPP) vs MIPP with additional individualised velopharyngeal surgery (pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty)

Instrumental assessment: nasalance score (nasometry and pressure-flow measure) · Children or adolescents aged 3 years or older with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) associated with non-syndromic submucous cleft palate

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.14% zinc lactate mouthrinse vs placebo

Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    2 weeks
    Winkel 2003 (2-week trial): mean change (SD) in organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). 0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.14% zinc lactate: -1.13 (1.1), baseline 2.8 (0.5) to 1.5 (1.0) at day 14, P <…
    1 study · 40 participants
    GRADE not reported

Minimal incision palatopharyngoplasty (MIPP) vs MIPP with additional individualised velopharyngeal surgery (pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty)

Instrumental assessment: velopharyngeal complete closure and gap size (videonasopharyngoscopy and multiview videofluoroscopy) · Children or adolescents aged 3 years or older with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) associated with non-syndromic submucous cleft palate
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for the management of submucous cleft palate 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    3 months post-operatively
    Complete closure occurred in 32 (86%) of the participants in group 1 (MIPP) and in 31 (89%) in group 2, P > 0.05. After eliminating the nine patients with residual velopharyngeal insufficiency, the post-operative gap…
    1 study · 72 participants
    GRADE not reported

Cetylpyridinium chloride + essential oils + chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthrinse (Breath Rx) vs placebo

Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 weeks
    Borden 2002: mean change in organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). Breath Rx (cetylpyridinium chloride + essential oils + chlorine dioxide + zinc): -0.52 at 2 weeks, -0.41 at 4 weeks; Placebo: 0.23 at 2 weeks, 0.16 at 4…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs placebo

Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 weeks
    Borden 2002: mean change in organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). Oxygene (chlorine dioxide + zinc): 0 at 2 weeks, 0.06 at 4 weeks; Placebo: 0.23 at 2 weeks, 0.16 at 4 weeks. Oxygene did not appear to reduce organoleptic…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Essential oil mouthwash vs placebo

Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 weeks
    Borden 2002: mean change in organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). Essential oils (Listerine): 0.02 at 2 weeks, 0 at 4 weeks; Placebo: 0.23 at 2 weeks, 0.16 at 4 weeks. Listerine did not reduce organoleptic scores. No…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Zinc chloride + sodium chlorite mouthrinse (TriOral) vs Control mouthrinse (containing neither zinc chloride nor sodium chlorite)

Organoleptic assessment (indirect surrogate salivary organoleptic score) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 weeks
    Codipilly 2004: only indirect surrogate salivary organoleptic scores were reported (not organoleptic breath scores); no accurate deductions could be made from the reported values.
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Minimal incision palatopharyngoplasty (MIPP) vs MIPP with additional individualised velopharyngeal surgery (pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty)

Perceptual speech assessment: residual post-operative velopharyngeal insufficiency · Children or adolescents aged 3 years or older with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) associated with non-syndromic submucous cleft palate
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for the management of submucous cleft palate 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    3 months post-operatively
    Five (14%) of the participants in group 1 (MIPP) and four (11%) in group 2 had residual post-operative velopharyngeal insufficiency, P > 0.05. The report provided no details on post-operative speech assessment other…
    1 study · 72 participants
    GRADE not reported

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium)

Subjective assessment of sensitivity · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) showed no clear difference in subjective assessment of sensitivity compared with control toothpaste (without potassium); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Tongue scraper or tongue cleaner (One Drop Only tongue cleaner; Tongue-Putzer scraper; polystyrene scraper) vs Toothbrush (used to clean the tongue)

Self-expressed (perceived) or organoleptic (human nose) assessment of halitosis · Adults (over 18 years) with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Tongue scraping for treating halitosis 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Minimum 4 weeks (planned)
    Neither of the two included trials provided any self expressed (perceived) or organoleptic (human nose) assessments of halitosis (the review's primary outcomes); no data.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Intervention not reported

Physician Global Assessment 100 mm visual analogue scale. Scale from: 0 to 100. ( · patients with treating osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patient Global Assessment (patients rated whether they were better at the end of trial than at the start of the trial) ( · patients with treating osteoarthritis

The intervention showed no clear difference in patient Global Assessment (patients rated whether they were better… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review