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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oestrogen in combination with progestogen (sequential or continuous) vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events over 2 to 4 menstrual cycles1 · women diagnosed with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Non‐contraceptive oestrogen‐containing preparations for controlling symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.26, 1.58] | 3 studies · 196 participants | Very low |
Oestrogen in combination with progestogen (sequential or continuous) vs placebo Specific adverse events over 2 to 4 menstrual cycles1 · women diagnosed with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Non‐contraceptive oestrogen‐containing preparations for controlling symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 206 participants | Very low |
Oestrogen vs placebo Global symptoms of PMS over 3 menstrual cycles1 · women diagnosed with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Non‐contraceptive oestrogen‐containing preparations for controlling symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Very low |
Oestrogen vs placebo Adverse events: withdrawal due to adverse events over 3 menstrual cycles1 · women diagnosed with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Non‐contraceptive oestrogen‐containing preparations for controlling symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Very low |
Oestrogen vs placebo Specific adverse events over 3 menstrual cycles1 · women diagnosed with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Non‐contraceptive oestrogen‐containing preparations for controlling symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Very low |
Dose comparison: oestrogen 100 µg patch vs 200 µg patch plus progestogen Symptoms score: Premenstrual Daily Questionnaire (PDQ) Scale from 0 to 30, with a higher score indicating a worse outcome over 8 months · women diagnosed with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Non‐contraceptive oestrogen‐containing preparations for controlling symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 98 participants | Very low |
Dose comparison: oestrogen 100 µg patch vs 200 µg patch plus progestogen Adverse events ‐ withdrawal rates over 8 months' · women diagnosed with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Non‐contraceptive oestrogen‐containing preparations for controlling symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.34, 1.46] | 1 study · 107 participants | Very low |
Dose comparison: oestrogen 100 µg patch vs 200 µg patch plus progestogen Adverse events ‐ specific side effects attributed to oestrogen over 8 months' · women diagnosed with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Non‐contraceptive oestrogen‐containing preparations for controlling symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.26, 0.99] | 1 study · 107 participants | Very low |
SPRM vs placebo Quality of life: change in symptom severity score · women with uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 171 participants | Moderate |
SPRM vs leuprolide acetate Abnormal uterine bleeding: amenorrhoea · uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.14 [0.6, 2.16] | 1 study · 280 participants | Moderate |
SPRM vs leuprolide acetate Pelvic pain (measured using McGill Pain Questionnaire: range 0 to 45) · uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 281 participants | Moderate |
SPRM vs leuprolide acetate Adverse effects: SPRM‐associated endometrial changes · uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | OR 10.45 [5.38, 20.33] | 1 study · 301 participants | Moderate |
SPRM vs placebo Quality of life: change in health‐related quality of life score · women with uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 200 participants | Moderate |
SPRM vs placebo Abnormal uterine bleeding: change in menstrual blood loss · women with uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 310 participants | Moderate |
SPRM vs placebo Abnormal uterine bleeding: amenorrhoea · women with uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | OR 82.5 [37.1, 183.9] | 7 studies · 590 participants | Moderate |
SPRM vs placebo Pelvic pain (measured subjectively) · women with uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 629 participants | Ungraded |
SPRM vs placebo Adverse effects: SPRM‐associated endometrial changes · women with uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | OR 15.12 [6.45, 35.47] | 5 studies · 405 participants | Low |
SPRM vs leuprolide acetate Quality of life: change in symptom severity score · uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 281 participants | Moderate |
SPRM vs leuprolide acetate Quality of life: change in health‐related quality of life score · uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 281 participants | Moderate |
SPRM vs leuprolide acetate Abnormal uterine bleeding: change in menstrual blood loss (measured using PBAC score) · uterine fibroids Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 281 participants | Low |
Any anti‐adhesion therapy vs placebo or no treatment following operative hysteroscopy Live birth a · women treated by operative hysteroscopy for uterine pathology associated with subfertility or adverse pregnancy outcome Anti‐adhesion therapy following operative hysteroscopy for treatment of female subfertility (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.42, 2.12] | 2 studies · 107 participants | Very low |
Any anti‐adhesion therapy vs placebo or no treatment following operative hysteroscopy Presence of intrauterine adhesions at second‐look hysteroscopy (second‐look hysteroscopy at 4‐12 weeks after operative hysteroscopy) · women treated by operative hysteroscopy for uterine pathology associated with subfertility or adverse pregnancy outcome Anti‐adhesion therapy following operative hysteroscopy for treatment of female subfertility (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.35 [0.21, 0.6] | 8 studies · 560 participants | Low |
Any anti‐adhesion therapy A vs anti‐adhesion therapy B following operative hysteroscopy Live birth a · women treated by operative hysteroscopy for uterine pathology Anti‐adhesion therapy following operative hysteroscopy for treatment of female subfertility (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.48 [0.57, 3.83] | 3 studies · 180 participants | Low |
Any anti‐adhesion therapy A vs anti‐adhesion therapy B following operative hysteroscopy Presence of intrauterine adhesions at second‐look hysteroscopy (6‐12 weeks) · women treated by operative hysteroscopy for uterine pathology Anti‐adhesion therapy following operative hysteroscopy for treatment of female subfertility (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.55 [0.36, 0.83] | 5 studies · 451 participants | Low |
IUI in natural cycles vs TI Live birth rate · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs TI OHSS · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs TI Pregnancy rate per couple (all cycles) · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 3.14 [0.12, 81.35] | NR | Very low |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs IUI Live birth rate per couple (all cycles) · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.34 [0.77, 2.33] | NR | Very low |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs IUI OHSS · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs IUI Pregnancy rate per couple (all cycles) · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.68 [1, 2.82] | NR | Very low |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs IUI Miscarriage rate per couple · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.06 [0.2, 5.63] | NR | Very low |
IVF vs IUI Live birth rate per couple (all cycles) · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.25, 2.35] | NR | Low |
IVF vs IUI OHSS · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IVF vs IUI Live birth rate per couple (all cycles) · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.43, 2.45] | NR | Very low |
IVF vs IUI OHSS per couple · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
IUI in natural cycles vs TI OHSS · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IVF vs IUI Pregnancy rate per couple (all cycles) · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.27 [0.33, 4.97] | NR | Very low |
IUI in natural cycles vs TI Pregnancy rate per couple (all cycles) · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 4.57 [0.21, 101.61] | NR | Very low |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs TI Live birth rate per couple (all cycles) · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.3, 2.59] | NR | Low |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs TI OHSS per couple · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs TI Pregnancy rate per couple (all cycles) · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.51 [0.74, 3.07] | NR | Very low |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs TI Multiple pregnancy rate per couple · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 3.15 [0.12, 79.69] | NR | Low |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs TI Miscarriage rate per couple · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.19, 5.42] | NR | Low |
IUI in stimulated cycles vs TI Live birth rate per couple (all cycles) · couples with male subfertility Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility (2016) · Cochrane | OR 3.14 [0.12, 81.35] | NR | Very low |
Human albumin vs placebo or no treatment Moderate or severe OHSS · women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.67 [0.47, 0.95] | 7 studies · 1452 participants | Very low |
Mannitol vs placebo / no treatment Live birth · women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mannitol vs placebo / no treatment Pregnancy rate · women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.47, 1.55] | 1 study · 226 participants | Low |
Mannitol vs placebo / no treatment Adverse effects · women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Human albumin vs placebo or no treatment Live birth · women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Human albumin vs placebo or no treatment Pregnancy rate · women at high risk of OHSS Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.55, 0.94] | 7 studies · 1069 participants | Moderate |