Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,655 questions · 1,751 findings · 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

No studies found 361 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%

Ketorolac vs placebo

Use of rescue medication · children with acute postoperative pain

It is very uncertain whether ketorolac changes participants using rescue medication in the PACU compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ketorolac vs placebo

Participants experiencing bleeding events · children with acute postoperative pain

It is very uncertain whether ketorolac changes participants experiencing bleeding events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous diclofenac vs placebo

At least 50% reduction in pain · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous diclofenac may leads to higher number of participants with at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intravenous diclofenac vs NSAIDs

Number of participants using rescue medication over 4 to 6 hours postinterventions · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or orthopedic surgeries

It is very uncertain whether intravenous diclofenac changes number of participants using rescue medication over 4 to 6 hours… compared with another NSAID (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous diclofenac vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · Adults (mean study ages 25 to 55 years) with acute postoperative pain after dental, mixed minor, abdominal, or orthopedic surgeries

Intravenous diclofenac showed no clear difference in number of participants reporting any adverse event compared with another NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review