What do systematic reviews say?

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs no health literacy intervention

• Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 333 participants
  Moderate

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs retrograde intrarenal surgery

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy may leads to lower need for secondary interventions Assumed MCID: 5% compared with retrograde intrarenal surgery (low certainty).

• Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for treatment of renal stones in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.31 [0.17, 0.55]
  21 studies · 2005 participants
  Low

Topical anesthetics vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether topical anesthetics changes apnea: occurrence of one or more episodes№ of LPs: 100(1 quasi‐RCT) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for the management of pain and discomfort during lumbar puncture in newborn infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.24 [0.14, 77.79]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Prism adaptation test with eye muscle surgery vs eye muscle surgery alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for intermittent exotropia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ DVD plus information booklet vs information booklet alone

Summary of findings ‐ DVD plus information booklet showed no clear difference in compliance or adherence to the trial intervention (including… compared with information booklet alone (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for people with hemophilia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.81, 1.28]
  1 study · 108 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ DVD plus information booklet vs information booklet alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychological interventions for people with hemophilia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Bakri balloon tamponade vs condom‐loaded Foley Catheter (one intrauterine tamponade compared to another intrauterine tamponade technique)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Bakri balloon tamponade+traction stitch vs Bakri balloon (one intrauterine tamponade compared to another intrauterine tamponade technique)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Modified B‐Lynch compression suture technique vs standard B‐Lynch compression suture (one uterine compression suture technique versus another uterine compression suture technique)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in new renal parenchymal defects (scars and thinning) on IVP: unit of… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.79, 1.49]
  4 studies · 572 participants
  Moderate

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes correction of VUR: unit of analysis (children) after 3 years:… compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [0.55, 3.05]
  1 study · 55 participants
  Very low

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in all symptomatic UTI by 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction +… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.37, 1.75]
  3 studies · 254 participants
  Low

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.31, 1.78]
  3 studies · 254 participants
  Low

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in total new and progressive Renal parenchymal abnormalities on DMSA… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.2 [0.36, 3.96]
  2 studies · 208 participants
  Low

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Endoscopic injection treatment may leads to higher resolution of VUR (grade 0) for endoscopic correction + antibiotics… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.69 [1.57, 4.63]
  2 studies · 164 participants
  Low

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in all symptomatic UTI by 4 to 5 years: surgical correction +… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.67, 1.35]
  1 study · 297 participants
  Moderate

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics probably leads to lower febrile UTI by 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.27, 0.7]
  2 studies · 429 participants
  Moderate

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in repeat positive urine cultures by 4 to 5 years: surgical correction… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.79, 1.26]
  3 studies · 479 participants
  Moderate

Surgical vs conservative interventions

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating fractures of the middle third of the clavicle 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 321 participants
  Low