Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,191 questions · 2,354 findings · 362 reviews

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No studies found 323 · 13.7%GRADE not reported 382 · 16.2%Very low 555 · 23.6%Low 597 · 25.4%Moderate 345 · 14.7%High 152 · 6.5%

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo

Pain 0 to 100 visual analogue scale and 10‐point Likert scale (lower score = less pain) · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 292 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Fatigue Severity Scale score at 3 months Scale from: 0 to 63 (lower is better). · people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic exercise for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 43 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Lower extremity maximum voluntary isometric contraction score at 3 months Quantitative Muscle Assessment (QMA) system. Data were normalized, summed and averaged to yield a L/E megascore (higher is better). · people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic exercise for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Moderate

Intensive glycaemic control vs conventional glucose control

Amputation of lower extremity · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Intensive glycaemic control may leads to lower amputation of lower extremity compared with conventional glycaemic control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeting intensive glycaemic control versus targeting conventional glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.65 [0.45, 0.94]
11 studies · 11200 participants
Low

Summary of findings (water exercise vs no exercise

Quality of life St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Water‐based exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
19 participants
Low

Summary of findings (water exercise vs land exercise)

QoL · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Water‐based exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
60 participants
Low

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Compliance with medication · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 320 participants
Low

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Medication side effects Mean adverse self‐medication behaviour score (lower scores indicate safer self‐medication behaviour). Scale from: 0 to 40. · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Multimedia educational interventions for consumers about prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Asthma symptoms Different scales in different studies (lower scores mean fewer symptoms) · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under studies with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Swimming training for asthma in children and adolescents aged 18 years and under 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 58 participants
Low

Cognitive‐behavioural intervention vs controls

Health‐related quality of life end of treatment (0‐80 scale) Higher scores indicate lower health‐related quality of life · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapies for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 1238 participants
Low

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Quality of life St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in quality of life1 St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); lower… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 11397 participants
Moderate

Resistance training vs control

Multidimensional function FIQ Total Score. Scale 0‐100 (lower scores indicate greater health) · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Resistance training vs aerobic exercise training

Pain Visual analog scale Scale from 0 to 100 (lower is better) · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 86 participants
Low

Resistance training vs aerobic exercise training

Tender points Tender point score and number of tender points · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 86 participants
Low

Resistance training vs flexibility exercise

Multidimensional function FIQ Total Score. Scale 0‐100 (lower scores indicate greater health) · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Low

Resistance training vs flexibility exercise

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Low

Resistance training vs flexibility exercise

Tender points Tender point score and number of tender points · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Low

Resistance training vs control

Physical function · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 107 participants
Low

Resistance training vs control

Pain Visual analog scale Scale from 0 to 100 (lower is better) · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 81 participants
Low

Resistance training vs control

Tender points Tender point score and number of tender points · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 107 participants
Low