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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs non‐absorbable disaccharide Serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis Rifaximin for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.66, 1.4] | 8 studies · 681 participants | Low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents All‐cause mortality · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.43, 0.92] | 1 study · 258 participants | Low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents Hepatic encephalopathy · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.66, 1.3] | 3 studies · 269 participants | Very low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents Kidney failure · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 7.59 [0.4, 143.92] | 1 study · 121 participants | Very low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents Shunt dysfunctiona · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.28, 0.92] | 3 studies · 269 participants | Low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents Upper gastrointestinal bleeding · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.35, 0.84] | 1 study · 258 participants | Low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents Recurrence of ascites · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.2, 0.87] | 1 study · 258 participants | Low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents Hepatic encephalopathy · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.76, 1.61] | 1 study · 258 participants | Very low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents Shunt dysfunction · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.28, 0.61] | 1 study · 258 participants | Low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents All‐cause mortalitya · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.48, 1.16] | 3 studies · 269 participants | Very low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents Procedure‐related complications · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.05, 5.57] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents Upper gastrointestinal bleeding · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.15, 1.38] | 3 studies · 269 participants | Very low |
ePTFE‐covered stents vs bare stents Recurrence of ascites · transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in people with liver cirrhosis Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)‐covered stents versus bare stents for transjugular intrahepatic… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.11, 0.85] | 3 studies · 269 participants | Low |
Exercise vs control All‐cause mortality at end of intervention (range 2–10 months) · adults after liver transplantation Exercise interventions for adults after liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.14 [0.74, 13.37] | 2 studies · 155 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs control Serious adverse events, excluding mortality (range 2–10 months) · adults after liver transplantation Exercise interventions for adults after liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3 participants | Ungraded |
Exercise vs control Health‐related quality of life (SF‐36 Physical Functioning subscale) at end of administered interventions (range 6–10 months) · adults after liver transplantation Exercise interventions for adults after liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 169 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs control Aerobic capacity (VO2peak) at end of administered interventions (range 2–10 months) · adults after liver transplantation Exercise interventions for adults after liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 199 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs control Muscle strength at end of administered interventions (range 2–10 months) · adults after liver transplantation Exercise interventions for adults after liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 199 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs control Non‐serious adverse events (range 2–10 months) · adults after liver transplantation Exercise interventions for adults after liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Outcomes  · adults with compensated or decompensated advanced chronic liver disease Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor with or without stem or progenitor cell or growth factors infusion for… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at maximum · adults with compensated or decompensated advanced chronic liver disease Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor with or without stem or progenitor cell or growth factors infusion for… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.38, 0.72] | 20 studies · 1419 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Proportion of participants with 1 or more serious adverse events at maximum · adults with compensated or decompensated advanced chronic liver disease Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor with or without stem or progenitor cell or growth factors infusion for… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.66, 1.61] | 3 studies · 315 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life ‐ PCS physical component summary ‐ MCS mental component summary at maximum · adults with compensated or decompensated advanced chronic liver disease Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor with or without stem or progenitor cell or growth factors infusion for… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 165 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Proportion of participants with liver disease‐related morbidity at maximum · adults with compensated or decompensated advanced chronic liver disease Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor with or without stem or progenitor cell or growth factors infusion for… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.17, 0.92] | 4 studies · 195 participants | Very low |
Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens All‐cause infant mortality at longest · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus Antivirals for prevention of hepatitis B virus mother‐to‐child transmission in human immunodeficiency virus… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.24 [0.72, 6.96] | 1 study · 132 participants | Very low |
Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens Proportion of infants with serious adverse events ( · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus Antivirals for prevention of hepatitis B virus mother‐to‐child transmission in human immunodeficiency virus… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.76 [1.27, 2.43] | 1 study · 132 participants | Very low |
Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens Proportion of infants with HBV mother‐to‐child transmission · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus Antivirals for prevention of hepatitis B virus mother‐to‐child transmission in human immunodeficiency virus… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens All‐cause maternal mortality at the longest · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus Antivirals for prevention of hepatitis B virus mother‐to‐child transmission in human immunodeficiency virus… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens Proportion of mothers with serious adverse events ( · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus Antivirals for prevention of hepatitis B virus mother‐to‐child transmission in human immunodeficiency virus… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.62, 1.32] | 2 studies · 270 participants | Very low |
Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) vs static cold storage (SCS) Overall participant survival · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.91 [0.42, 1.98] | 4 studies · 482 participants | Low |
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) vs static cold storage (SCS) Overall participant survival · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | HR 1.08 [0.31, 3.8] | 1 study · 222 participants | Very low |
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) vs static cold storage (SCS) Quality of life ‐ not measured · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) vs static cold storage (SCS) Serious adverse events (SAEs) · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 522 participants | Ungraded |
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) vs static cold storage (SCS) Graft survival · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | HR 1.2 [0.44, 3.29] | 2 studies · 522 participants | Low |
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) vs static cold storage (SCS) Ischaemic biliary complications (on protocol imaging) · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.27, 2.27] | 1 study · 155 participants | Very low |
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) vs static cold storage (SCS) Early allograft dysfunction · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.22, 0.74] | 3 studies · 540 participants | Moderate |
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) vs static cold storage (SCS) Adverse events considered non‐serious · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.54, 1.57] | 1 study · 222 participants | Moderate |
Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) vs static cold storage (SCS) Quality of life ‐ not measured · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) vs static cold storage (SCS) Serious adverse events · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.42, 1.98] | 2 studies · 156 participants | Moderate |
Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) vs static cold storage (SCS) Graft survival · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.45 [0.23, 0.87] | 4 studies · 482 participants | High |
Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) vs static cold storage (SCS) Ischaemic biliary complications total · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.12, 0.83] | 2 studies · 326 participants | High |
Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) vs static cold storage (SCS) Ischaemic biliary complications (donated following brain death (DBD)) · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.03, 3.19] | 1 study · 170 participants | Ungraded |
Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) vs static cold storage (SCS) Ischaemic biliary complications (donated following circulatory death (DCD)) · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.31 [0.11, 0.92] | 1 study · 156 participants | Ungraded |
Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) vs static cold storage (SCS) Early allograft dysfunction total · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.35 [0.23, 0.53] | 4 studies · 482 participants | High |
Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) vs static cold storage (SCS) Adverse events considered non‐serious · liver transplant recipients Machine perfusion in liver transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 312 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR CEUS · adults with chronic liver disease Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 6546 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR CEUS · adults with chronic liver disease Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 1257 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MRI · adults with chronic liver disease Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 34 studies · 4841 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MRI · adults with chronic liver disease Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 2150 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic vs control Mortality · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation versus no intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 446 participants | Very low |