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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
731 questions in 61 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol
current versionsNo studies 57 · 7.8%Ungraded 39 · 5.3%Very low 186 · 25.4%Low 239 · 32.7%Moderate 171 · 23.4%High 39 · 5.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Psychosocial interventions vs control Frequency of drug use 12 months · Fathers who use substances Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 141 participants | Low |
Any psychosocial interventions vs control intervention Frequency of drug use 12 months · Parents who use substances Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 514 participants | Moderate |
Drug and alcohol use only‐focused psychosocial interventions vs control intervention Frequency of alcohol misuse 6 months · Parents who use substances Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 89 participants | Low |
Drug and alcohol use only‐focused psychosocial interventions vs control intervention Frequency of alcohol misuse 12 months · Parents who use substances Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Drug and alcohol use only‐focused psychosocial interventions vs control intervention Frequency of drug use 6 months · Parents who use substances Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 87 participants | Low |
Drug and alcohol use only‐focused psychosocial interventions vs control intervention Frequency of drug use 12 months · Parents who use substances Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Parenting‐focused psychosocial interventions WITHOUT substance use‐focused component vs treatment Frequency of alcohol misuse 6 months · Parents who use substances Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 273 participants | Low |
Methadone vs buprenorphine Dropout rate · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.37, 1.2] | 3 studies · 223 participants | Moderate |
Methadone vs oral slow‐release morphine Birth weight · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Methadone vs oral slow‐release morphine APGAR score (APGAR score ) · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Methadone vs oral slow‐release morphine Adverse events for the mother · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Methadone vs oral slow‐release morphine Serious adverse events for the child · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Methadone vs buprenorphine Use of primary substance · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.81 [0.7, 4.68] | 2 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Methadone vs buprenorphine Birth weight · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 19 participants | Very low |
Methadone vs buprenorphine APGAR scoreScale from: 0 to 10 · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 163 participants | Low |
Methadone vs buprenorphine Number treated for NAS · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.87, 1.63] | 3 studies · 166 participants | Low |
Methadone vs buprenorphine Serious adverse events for the mother · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.69 [0.75, 3.83] | 1 study · 175 participants | Low |
Methadone vs buprenorphine Serious adverse events for the child · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | RR 4.77 [0.59, 38.49] | 1 study · 131 participants | Low |
Methadone vs oral slow‐release morphine Dropout rate from treatment · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Methadone vs oral slow‐release morphine Use of substance · opiate‐dependent pregnant women Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.4 [1, 5.77] | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Dihydrocodeine vs buprenorphine Abstinence Assessed by urinalysis post‐detoxification · individuals dependent on illicit opiates Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.11, 1.57] | 2 studies · 150 participants | Low |
Dihydrocodeine vs buprenorphine Abstinence Self‐report and urinalysis 3 months post‐detoxification · individuals dependent on illicit opiates Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.26, 1.31] | 2 studies · 150 participants | Low |
Dihydrocodeine vs buprenorphine Abstinence Self‐report and urinalysis 6 months post‐detoxification · individuals dependent on illicit opiates Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.25, 1.39] | 2 studies · 150 participants | Low |
Dihydrocodeine vs buprenorphine Serious adverse events or adverse events · individuals dependent on illicit opiates Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 150 participants | Low |
Dihydrocodeine vs buprenorphine Treatment retention Early dropout · individuals dependent on illicit opiates Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.99, 1.68] | 2 studies · 150 participants | Low |
Dihydrocodeine vs methadone Abstinence · individuals dependent on illicit opiates Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204 participants | Low |
Dihydrocodeine vs methadone Serious adverse events or adverse events Death due to methadone use · individuals dependent on illicit opiates Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204 participants | Low |
Dihydrocodeine vs methadone Treatment retention · individuals dependent on illicit opiates Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.94, 1.16] | 1 study · 204 participants | Low |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions Abstinence · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [1.03, 1.42] | 2 studies · 1936 participants | High |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs a different type of TSF Drinking Intensity · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Moderate |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs a different type of TSF Alcohol‐related consequences · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs a different type of TSF Alcohol addiction severity( · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 307 participants | Moderate |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs a different type of TSF Abstinence · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [1.02, 1.29] | 382 participants | Moderate |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs a different type of TSF Drinking intensity · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs a different type of TSF Alcohol‐related consequences · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs a different type of TSF Alcohol addiction severity · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions Abstinence · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [1.09, 1.43] | 2692 participants | Very low |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions Drinking intensity · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 201 participants | Very low |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions Alcohol‐related consequences ( · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 647 participants | Very low |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions Drinking Intensity · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1516 participants | Moderate |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions Alcohol addiction severity( · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 201 participants | Very low |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs a different type of TSF Abstinence · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [1.05, 1.46] | 1870 participants | Very low |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs a different type of TSF Drinking Intensity · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 195 participants | Very low |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs a different type of TSF Alcohol‐related consequences · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs a different type of TSF Alcohol addiction severity ( · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 140 participants | Very low |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) vs other clinical interventions and a different type of TSF Healthcare cost savings( · alcohol use disorder Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 5348 participants | Moderate |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions Alcohol‐related consequences ( · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1762 participants | Moderate |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (manualized) vs other clinical interventions Alcohol addiction severity( · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 112 participants | Low |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs other clinical interventions Abstinence · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [0.7, 4.18] | 1 study · 93 participants | Low |
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)/Twelve‐Step Facilitation (TSF) (non‐manualized) vs other clinical interventions Drinking Intensity · adults (> 18 years) with alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse, or alcohol dependence Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for alcohol use disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 93 participants | Very low |