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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
759 questions in 57 reviews · Colorectal
current versionsNo studies 91 · 12%Ungraded 12 · 1.6%Very low 209 · 27.5%Low 229 · 30.2%Moderate 160 · 21.1%High 58 · 7.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Room air vs carbon dioxide Pain scores (first postoperative day) Visual analogue scale, lower score indicates less pain.Scale: 0–10 cm · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 146 participants | Very low |
Room air vs carbon dioxide Analgesia requirements · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Room air vs carbon dioxide Hospital costs (CNY) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 146 participants | Very low |
Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide Pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 260 participants | Very low |
Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide Mortality · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 260 participants | Very low |
Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide Quality of life · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide Pain scores (first postoperative day) VAS, lower score indicates less pain.Scale: 0–10 cm · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide Analgesia requirements · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 257 participants | Very low |
Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide Costs · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Helium vs carbon dioxide Cardiopulmonary complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.66 [0.28, 9.72] | 3 studies · 128 participants | Very low |
Adjunctive Coriolus versicolor vs no adjunctive treatment Survival ‐ · adults (aged 18+) with colorectal cancer Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor mushroom to reduce adverse effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy in… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [1.01, 1.15] | 3 studies · 1094 participants | Low |
Adjunctive Coriolus versicolor vs no adjunctive treatment Withdrawal from treatment due to adverse events ‐ · adults (aged 18+) with colorectal cancer Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor mushroom to reduce adverse effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy in… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.45, 2.34] | 3 studies · 703 participants | Very low |
Adjunctive Coriolus versicolor vs no adjunctive treatment Adverse events: Oral cavity disorders (includes oral dryness and mucositis)‐ · adults (aged 18+) with colorectal cancer Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor mushroom to reduce adverse effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy in… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.13, 1.03] | 5 studies · 1022 participants | Very low |
Adjunctive Coriolus versicolor vs no adjunctive treatment Adverse events: Nausea ‐ · adults (aged 18+) with colorectal cancer Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor mushroom to reduce adverse effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy in… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.44, 1.22] | 4 studies · 969 participants | Very low |
Adjunctive Coriolus versicolor vs no adjunctive treatment Adverse events: Diarrhoea ‐ · adults (aged 18+) with colorectal cancer Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor mushroom to reduce adverse effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy in… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.32, 1.86] | 5 studies · 1022 participants | Very low |
Adjunctive Coriolus versicolor vs no adjunctive treatment Adverse events: Neutrophils decreased ‐ · adults (aged 18+) with colorectal cancer Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor mushroom to reduce adverse effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy in… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.24, 0.71] | 3 studies · 133 participants | Very low |
Adjunctive Coriolus versicolor vs no adjunctive treatment Adverse events: Fatigue ‐ · adults (aged 18+) with colorectal cancer Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor mushroom to reduce adverse effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy in… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.33, 1.78] | 3 studies · 133 participants | Very low |
Drainage vs no drainage after open appendectomy Intraperitoneal abscess · people undergoing emergency open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis Abdominal drainage to prevent intra‐peritoneal abscess after appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.47, 3.21] | 5 studies · 453 participants | Very low |
Drainage vs no drainage after open appendectomy Wound infection · people undergoing emergency open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis Abdominal drainage to prevent intra‐peritoneal abscess after appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.01 [0.88, 4.56] | 5 studies · 478 participants | Very low |
Drainage vs no drainage after open appendectomy Morbidity · people undergoing emergency open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis Abdominal drainage to prevent intra‐peritoneal abscess after appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 6.67 [2.13, 20.87] | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Drainage vs no drainage after open appendectomy Mortality · people undergoing emergency open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis Abdominal drainage to prevent intra‐peritoneal abscess after appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (2021) · Cochrane | Peto OR 4.88 [1.18, 20.09] | 4 studies · 363 participants | Low |
Drainage vs no drainage after open appendectomy Hospital stay (days) · people undergoing emergency open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis Abdominal drainage to prevent intra‐peritoneal abscess after appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (2021) · Cochrane | MD 2.17 | 3 studies · 298 participants | Low |
Drainage vs no drainage after open appendectomy Hospital cost · people undergoing emergency open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis Abdominal drainage to prevent intra‐peritoneal abscess after appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Drainage vs no drainage after open appendectomy Pain · people undergoing emergency open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis Abdominal drainage to prevent intra‐peritoneal abscess after appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Drainage vs no drainage after open appendectomy Quality of life · people undergoing emergency open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis Abdominal drainage to prevent intra‐peritoneal abscess after appendectomy for complicated appendicitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Test · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Intussusception · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Anismus · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR EFD · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 169 participants | Low |
Intervention NR PFD · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Risk of bias (QUADAS‐2) · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 8 participants | High |
Intervention NR Applicability (QUADAS‐2) · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Heterogeneity · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
Intervention NR Sensitivity analysis · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2010 participants | High |
Intervention NR Conclusion · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Rectocele · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR EP · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 34 studies · 1737 participants | High |
Intervention NR MRI · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 659 participants | High |
Intervention NR TPUS · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 988 participants | High |
Intervention NR EVUS · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 454 participants | Low |
Intervention NR DAE · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 99 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR EDF · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 169 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Enterocele · 1 Imaging modalities for the detection of posterior pelvic floor disorders in women with obstructed… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Absorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks Recurrence (1 year to 31 (median) months) · People needing incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.17, 3.22] | 2 studies · 101 participants | Very low |
Absorbable tacks vs absorbable sutures Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, sum 0 to 3 days) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Absorbable tacks vs absorbable sutures Chronic pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 6 months) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Absorbable tacks vs absorbable sutures Health‐related quality of life (6 months) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Absorbable tacks vs absorbable sutures Severe postoperative complications · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.4, 5.04] | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable sutures Recurrence (2 years) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | RR 4.82 [0.24, 98.03] | 1 study · 106 participants | Very low |
Nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable sutures Early postoperative pain (VAS 0 ‐ 10, 1 day) · People with primary ventral or incisional hernia repair Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 92 participants | Very low |