What do systematic reviews say?

Physiotherapy with traction vs physiotherapy without traction

• Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 69 participants
  High

Physiotherapy with traction vs physiotherapy without traction

• Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 220 participants
  High

Physiotherapy with traction vs physiotherapy without traction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Chlorhexidine rinse (0.2%) pre- and post-extraction vs Chlorhexidine rinse (0.2%) post-extraction only

Chlorhexidine rinse (0.2%) pre- and post-extraction showed no clear difference in presence of dry socket compared with chlorhexidine rinse (0.2%) post-extraction only; GRADE not reported.

• Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: median 7 days
  RR 0.58 [0.15, 2.17]
  1 study · 99 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pre-radiotherapy dental extraction vs Post-radiotherapy dental extraction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dental extractions prior to radiotherapy to the jaws for reducing post‐radiotherapy dental complications 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Extraction of the permanent first molar vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

In the maxilla, spontaneous space closure occurred in about 85% of cases (9 studies; prevalence not GRADE-rated).

• Spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars in children and adolescents: a systematic review… 2024 All outcomes

  Until eruption of the permanent second molar (median follow-up 4.0 years) · University clinics and hospitals in 8 countries (children/adolescents <18 years) · Maxilla
  Prevalence 85.3 [73.7, 92.3]
  9 studies · 665 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars in children and adolescents: a systematic review… 2024 All outcomes

  Until eruption of the permanent second molar (median follow-up 4.0 years) · University clinics and hospitals in 8 countries (children/adolescents <18 years) · Mandible
  Prevalence 48.1 [34.5, 62.0]
  11 studies · 1095 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars in children and adolescents: a systematic review… 2024 All outcomes

  Until eruption of the permanent second molar (median follow-up 4.0 years) · University clinics and hospitals in 8 countries (children/adolescents <18 years) · Overall (both jaws)
  Prevalence 61.6 [50.2, 71.9]
  13 studies · 1787 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dental extraction protocol with plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) inserted into the postextraction alveolus vs Standard dental extraction protocol without PRGF

• Interventions for managing medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 60 months
  No intraoperative complications were observed in either of the groups.
  1 study · 176 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dental extraction protocol with plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) inserted into the postextraction alveolus vs Standard dental extraction protocol without PRGF

It is very uncertain whether dental extraction protocol with plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF)… changes MRONJ (incidence proportion) compared with standard dental extraction protocol without PRGF (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 60 months
  RR 0.08 [0.00, 1.51]
  1 study · 176 participants
  Very low

Extraction of the mandibular permanent first molar vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

After mandibular first molar extraction, the second premolar was rotated in about 60% of cases (2 studies; very imprecise; not GRADE-rated).

• Spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars in children and adolescents: a systematic review… 2024 All outcomes

  Until eruption of the permanent second molar (median follow-up 4.0 years) · University clinics and hospitals in 8 countries (children/adolescents <18 years) · Mandible
  Prevalence 60.0 [10.7, 95.0]
  2 studies · 105 participants
  GRADE not reported

Extraction of the mandibular permanent first molar vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

After mandibular first molar extraction, the second molar was rotated in about 77% of cases (2 studies; very imprecise; not GRADE-rated).

• Spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars in children and adolescents: a systematic review… 2024 All outcomes

  Until eruption of the permanent second molar (median follow-up 4.0 years) · University clinics and hospitals in 8 countries (children/adolescents <18 years) · Mandible
  Prevalence 76.9 [15.5, 98.4]
  2 studies · 108 participants
  GRADE not reported

Extraction of the mandibular permanent first molar vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

After mandibular first molar extraction, the first premolar was rotated in about 38% of cases (2 studies; very imprecise; not GRADE-rated).

• Spontaneous space closure after extraction of permanent first molars in children and adolescents: a systematic review… 2024 All outcomes

  Until eruption of the permanent second molar (median follow-up 4.0 years) · University clinics and hospitals in 8 countries (children/adolescents <18 years) · Mandible
  Prevalence 37.8 [0.7, 98.2]
  2 studies · 109 participants
  GRADE not reported

Early extraction of a compromised first permanent molar vs Contralateral non-extraction side (same patient)

Root closure and eruption of the second permanent molar appeared accelerated on the extraction side in a single case-control study; ungraded and not statistically tested.

• Consequences of early extraction of compromised first permanent molar: a systematic review. 2018 All outcomes

  Orthodontic clinic (Turkey)
  Root closure and eruption of the second permanent molar were accelerated on the extraction side versus the non-extraction side (Telli and Aytan; not statistically tested). Table 3: Category III, Class C.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Early extraction of a compromised mandibular first permanent molar vs Contralateral non-extraction side (same patient)

Development and eruption of the third molar appeared accelerated after early first permanent molar extraction in two studies (e.g., eruption OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.37 to 5.96); ungraded.

• Consequences of early extraction of compromised first permanent molar: a systematic review. 2018 All outcomes

  Hospital-based oral surgery and orthodontic departments (Turkey)
  OR 2.86 [1.37, 5.96]
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Bilateral extraction of compromised mandibular first permanent molars vs Age- and gender-matched non-extraction controls

Bilateral lower first permanent molar extraction was associated with lingual tipping and retrusion of the lower incisors in one case-control study; ungraded.

• Consequences of early extraction of compromised first permanent molar: a systematic review. 2018 All outcomes

  Private clinics (Brazil)
  Normando and Cavacami: lower incisor lingual tipping (1.NB mean 23.2 vs 28.4 degrees, P = 0.004) and retrusion (P = 0.03) after bilateral lower FPM loss. Table 3: Category III, Class C.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Bilateral extraction of compromised mandibular first permanent molars vs Age- and gender-matched non-extraction controls

Bilateral lower first permanent molar extraction was associated with counter-clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane and a mild decrease in lower anterior face height in one case-control study; ungraded.

• Consequences of early extraction of compromised first permanent molar: a systematic review. 2018 All outcomes

  Private clinics (Brazil)
  Normando and Cavacami: decreased GnSN angle (P = 0.05), counter-clockwise rotation of the occlusal plane (mean 5.6 vs 12.6 degrees, P = 0.0001), and decreased lower anterior face height (P = 0.048). Table 3: Category…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Extraction of the primary maxillary canine plus cervical pull headgear vs Extraction of the primary maxillary canine alone

• Extraction of primary (baby) teeth for unerupted palatally displaced permanent canine teeth in children 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At least 6 months follow-up after the intervention
  Narrative (not pooled, not GRADE-rated). Leonardi 2004: extraction plus headgear (80%) gave significantly higher eruption than extraction alone (50%) (Chi2 4.69; P<0.05). Baccetti 2008: extraction plus headgear was…
  2 studies · 79 participants
  GRADE not reported

Distraction vs control

• Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  30 studies · 2802 participants
  Low

Distraction vs control

• Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 426 participants
  Very low

Distraction vs control

• Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1512 participants
  Very low

Distraction vs control

• Psychological interventions for needle‐related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1067 participants
  Very low