Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

392 questions · 405 findings · 52 reviews

No studies found 96 · 23.7%GRADE not reported 57 · 14.1%Very low 64 · 15.8%Low 77 · 19%Moderate 63 · 15.6%High 48 · 11.9%

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology vs less intense screening

All‐cause mortality ‐ Annual chest x‐ray plus 4‐monthly cytology versus annual x‐ray alone · Patients with lung cancer

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ Annual chest x‐ray plus 4‐monthly cytology… compared with less intense screening (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology vs less intense screening

Lung cancer 5‐year survival ‐ Annual chest x‐ray plus 4‐monthly cytology versus annual x‐ray alone · Patients with lung cancer

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology probably leads to lower lung cancer 5‐year survival ‐ Annual chest x‐ray plus 4‐monthly… compared with less intense screening (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Oral cancer mortality (disease-specific) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers showed no clear difference in oral cancer mortality (disease-specific) compared with no screening (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Costs · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
    9 years (three cycles)
    The costs associated with the screening programme were reported after three cycles (nine years) (Subramanian 2009) (Additional Table 8). The benefit produced by a screen was 269.31 life-years saved per 100,000 for all…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Oral cancer incidence · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers showed no clear difference in oral cancer incidence compared with no screening; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Stage at diagnosis (early-stage detection) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers led to lower stage at diagnosis (early-stage detection) compared with no screening; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Quality of life · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Test performance (sensitivity and specificity) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
1 finding from 1 review

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Survival (proportion alive after diagnosis) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…
1 finding from 1 review

Criteria-based screening with specific (personalised) referral letter vs Criteria-based screening with non-specific referral letter

Dental attendance at orthodontist · School children, secondary school in the UK (aged 11 to 13 years)

It is very uncertain whether criteria-based screening with specific (personalised) referral letter changes dental attendance at orthodontist compared with criteria-based screening with non-specific referral letter (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Criteria-based screening with specific (personalised) referral letter vs Criteria-based screening with non-specific referral letter

Dental attendance at general dentist · School children, secondary school in the UK (aged 11 to 13 years)

It is very uncertain whether criteria-based screening with specific (personalised) referral letter changes dental attendance at general dentist compared with criteria-based screening with non-specific referral letter (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Criteria-based screening (dentist refers using pre-established criteria) vs Traditional screening

Dental attendance · primary or secondary school pupils

It is very uncertain whether criteria-based screening (dentist refers using pre-established… changes dental attendance compared with traditional screening (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Traditional screening with motivation (oral health education and offer of free treatment) vs Traditional screening

Dental attendance · School children, primary and secondary schools in India

It is very uncertain whether traditional screening with motivation (oral health education and… changes dental attendance compared with traditional screening alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Universal screening vs case finding

Thyroid dysfunction diagnosed in pregnancy: hyperthyroid · women during pregnancy

Universal screening showed no clear difference in thyroid dysfunction diagnosed in pregnancy: hyperthyroid compared with case finding (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review