Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

95 questions · 113 findings · 8 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

No studies found 5 · 4.4%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.8%Very low 22 · 19.5%Low 55 · 48.7%Moderate 21 · 18.6%High 8 · 7.1%

Pharmacologic intervention vs another pharmacologic intervention

Harmful alcohol use ‐ not measured · alcohol use disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacologic intervention vs another pharmacologic intervention

Retention [ · alcohol use disorder

Pharmacologic intervention showed no clear difference in retention compared with another pharmacologic intervention (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Brief intervention vs treatment

Decreased alcohol use · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief intervention (BI) showed no clear difference in decreased alcohol use compared with treatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Over 50% less standard drinks per day Timeline follow back · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Motivational interviewing (MI) showed no clear difference in greater than 50% reduction in number of standard drinks consumed per… compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Abstinence from alcohol over the last 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Motivational interviewing (MI) showed no clear difference in abstinence from alcohol over the last 30 days compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Retention [ · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Motivational interviewing (MI) showed no clear difference in retention ‐ end of treatment compared with treatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

25% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) showed no clear difference in 25% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Number of participants achieving 3 or more weeks of consecutive alcohol abstinence during treatment · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

It is very uncertain whether cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) changes number of participants achieving 3 or more weeks of consecutive… compared with twelve‐step facilitation (TSF) programme to reduce alcohol consumption (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

50% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) showed no clear difference in 50% reduction of drinking days in the past 30 days compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

or more drinking days' reduction in the past 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) probably leads to higher or more drinking days' reduction in the past 30 days compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

Retention [ · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) showed no clear difference in retention ‐ end of treatment compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing intensive (MII) vs motivational interviewing (MI) to reduce alcohol consumption

Addiction Severity Index alcohol score · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users
3 findings from 1 review

Motivational interviewing intensive (MII) vs motivational interviewing (MI) to reduce alcohol consumption

Retention [ · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Motivational interviewing intensive (MII) may leads to higher retention ‐ end of treatment compared with motivational interviewing (MI) to reduce alcohol consumption (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Abstinence from alcohol over the last 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

It is very uncertain whether cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) changes alcohol abstinence compared with twelve‐step facilitation (TSF) programme to reduce alcohol consumption (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Retention [ · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

It is very uncertain whether cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) changes retention ‐ end of treatment compared with twelve‐step facilitation (TSF) programme to reduce alcohol consumption (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review