Microbial resistance to prophylactic drugs: nitrofurantoin (1) versus cotrimoxazole (2) · children with primarily normal renal tracts who have experienced at least one UTI
Antibiotic 1 probably leads to lower microbial resistance to prophylactic drugs: nitrofurantoin (1)… compared with antibiotic 2 (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Microbial resistance to prophylactic drug · children with previous UTI and most do not have a renal tract abnormality such as VUR
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in microbial resistance to prophylactic drug compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Antibiotics (i.v.) Rates of patients · breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
The intervention may leads to lower antibiotics (i.v.) Rates of patients (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Antibiotic‐resistant organisms isolated · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years
1 finding from 1 review
Compliance with treatment · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Incidence of S pneumoniae Confirmed bacterial infection · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years
Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in incidence of S pneumoniae Confirmed bacterial infection compared with continuation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Deaths · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea and vomiting · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years
Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in adverse effects: incidences of nausea and vomiting compared with continuation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbation frequency · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen probably leads to lower exacerbation frequency compared with 14 days on/off placebo regimen (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
RR 0.75 [0.61, 0.93]
Studies not reported
Moderate
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
Serious adverse events · people with bronchiectasis
28 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with 28 days on/off placebo regimen (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1 [0.68, 1.46]
Studies not reported
Low
Antibiotic resistance · people with bronchiectasis
28 days on/off antibiotic regimen leads to higher antibiotic resistance compared with 28 days on/off placebo regimen (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 2.2 [1.42, 3.42]
Studies not reported
High
Pulmonary exacerbations: number of hospitalisations due to respiratory exacerbations · people with bronchiectasis
28 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in hospitalisation for pulmonary exacerbations compared with 28 days on/off placebo regimen (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.79 [0.49, 1.29]
Studies not reported
High
Health‐related quality of life · people with bronchiectasis
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Exacerbation frequency · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in exacerbation frequency compared with 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
RR 1.02 [0.84, 1.24]
Studies not reported
Moderate
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serious adverse events · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.83 [0.37, 1.86]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Antibiotic resistance · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in antibiotic resistance compared with 28 days on/off antibiotic regimen (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1 [0.68, 1.48]
Studies not reported
Moderate
Frequency of hospital admissions for pulmonary exacerbations ‐ not measured · people with bronchiectasis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health‐related quality of life · people with bronchiectasis
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High
Serious adverse events · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with 14 days on/off placebo regimen (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.92 [0.63, 1.33]
Studies not reported
High
Antibiotic resistance · people with bronchiectasis
14 days on/off antibiotic regimen leads to higher antibiotic resistance compared with 14 days on/off placebo regimen (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 2.14 [1.36, 3.35]
Studies not reported
High