Pharmacotherapy + behavioural support vs neither · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients
Hospital‐only intervention leads to higher pharmacotherapy + behavioural support vs neither compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quitline referral vs control · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients
It is very uncertain whether telephone quitline referral changes quitline referral vs control compared with no treatment or usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health system telephone counselling vs quitline · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients
It is very uncertain whether telephone quitline referral changes health system telephone counselling vs quitline compared with no treatment or usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quit at longest · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients
Pharmacotherapy plus counselling leads to higher quit at longest compared with no pharmacotherapy or placebo plus counselling (high certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 1.33 [1.05, 1.67]
8 studies · 3838 participants
High
RR 1.11 [0.86, 1.43]
4 studies · 872 participants
Low
RR 1.29 [0.96, 1.75]
4 studies · 829 participants
Moderate
Behavioural support ‐ asynchronous** · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients
It is very uncertain whether hospital‐only intervention changes behavioural support ‐ asynchronous** compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behavioural support ‐ synchronous** · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients
Hospital‐only intervention showed no clear difference in behavioural support ‐ synchronous** compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Face‐to‐face behavioral intervention vs minimal or no support (Measured 3 to 6 months with CO‐validated prolonged and continuous abstinence, and self‐reported abstinence) · people who use waterpipe
The intervention may leads to higher face‐to‐face behavioral intervention vs minimal or no support… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.64 [1.66, 4.2]
851 participants
Low
Intervention not reported
Varenicline plus behavioral intervention vs placebo plus behavioral intervention ‐ (repeated point prevalence abstinence (not even a puff/chew/session in the last 7 days) at each of weeks 5, 12, and 25 (combined), verified by CO cutoff < 10 ppm) · people who use waterpipe
The intervention showed no clear difference in varenicline plus behavioral intervention vs placebo plus behavioral… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Bupropion therapy plus behavioral intervention vs behavioral intervention alone (continuous waterpipe smoking abstinence, defined as an expired CO of 9 ppm or less at the 6‐month postintervention · people who use waterpipe
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes bupropion therapy plus behavioral intervention vs behavioral… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.77 [0.42, 1.41]
121 participants
Very low
Intervention not reported
Bupropion therapy plus behavioral support versus self‐help (continuous waterpipe smoking abstinence, defined as an expired CO of 9 ppm or less at the 6‐month postintervention · people who use waterpipe
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes bupropion therapy plus behavioral support versus self‐help… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.94 [0.94, 4]
86 participants
Very low
Change in weight (kg) · People who have quit smoking
Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation showed no clear difference in mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
MD 0.52
21 studies · 2784 participants
Moderate
MD 0.08
11 studies · 1021 participants
Moderate
MD 0.37
17 studies · 1463 participants
Moderate
Change in weight (kg) · People who have quit smoking
Varenicline for smoking cessation showed no clear difference in mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment compared with placebo (high certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
MD 0.23
14 studies · 2566 participants
High
MD 0.09
3 studies · 384 participants
Low
MD 1.05
3 studies · 237 participants
Low
Change in weight (kg) · People who have quit smoking
Fluoexetine showed no clear difference in mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment compared with placebo (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Biochemically validated smoking cessation at the latest point in pregnancy (20 weeks' gestation or more) · Pregnant women who smoke
Nicotine replacement therapy may leads to higher biochemically validated smoking cessation at the latest point in… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean birthweight · Pregnant women who smoke
Nicotine replacement therapy showed no clear difference in mean birthweight (g) compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Miscarriage and spontaneous abortion · Pregnant women who smoke
Nicotine replacement therapy showed no clear difference in miscarriage and spontaneous abortion compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Biochemically validated smoking cessation at the latest point in pregnancy (20 weeks' gestation or more) · Pregnant women who smoke
Bupropion showed no clear difference in biochemically validated smoking cessation at the latest point in… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean birthweight · Pregnant women who smoke
Bupropion showed no clear difference in mean birthweight (g) compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Miscarriage and spontaneous abortion · Pregnant women who smoke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Smoking abstinence · people experiencing homelessness
The intervention showed no clear difference in smoking abstinence (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review