Gestational weight gain · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in gestational weight gain (kg) compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postnatal depression · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal mortality · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Partner abuse: episodes during pregnancy · pregnant women
It is very uncertain whether any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) changes partner abuse: episodes during pregnancy compared with standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Partner abuse in the first 3 months postpartum (Current Abuse Score**) The Current abuse score consists of 2 scales: 1) Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and 2) Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP). · pregnant women
It is very uncertain whether any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) changes partner abuse: episodes during the first 3 months postpartum compared with standard care (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Partner abuse: abuse score in the first 3 months postpartum (Conflict Tactics Score*) The CTS is a 19‐item self‐report scale listing behaviours that the respondent’s partner might use in conflicts. Women report the frequency of partner behaviours ... · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Partner abuse: total episodes at final study assessment (pregnancy and up to 10 weeks postpartum) · pregnant women
Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) probably leads to lower partner abuse: total episodes at final study assessment (pregnancy… compared with standard care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Birthweight < 2500 (g) · pregnant women
Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) showed no clear difference in number of low‐birthweight (< 2500 g) babies compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention may leads to higher number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total compared with treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of drinks per day ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
Number of women who completed treatment ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in number of women who completed treatment ‐ total compared with treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ not measured · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Withdrawal signs and symptoms ‐ not measured · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Fear of childbirth · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) probably leads to lower caesarean section compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anxiety ‐ not reported · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Depression · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
1 finding from 1 review
Birth preferences: prefer caesarean section · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in birth preferences: prefer caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural analgesia during labour · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia during labour compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Non‐initiation of breastfeeding · women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI > 29 kg/m², who were intending to breastfeed, had no history of breast surgery, who were at least 19 years…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found