Findings

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

558 questions · 586 findings · 46 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 151 · 25.8%GRADE not reported 53 · 9%Very low 124 · 21.2%Low 157 · 26.8%Moderate 76 · 13%High 25 · 4.3%

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Gestational weight gain · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in gestational weight gain (kg) compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse: episodes during pregnancy · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) changes partner abuse: episodes during pregnancy compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse in the first 3 months postpartum (Current Abuse Score**) The Current abuse score consists of 2 scales: 1) Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and 2) Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP). · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) changes partner abuse: episodes during the first 3 months postpartum compared with standard care (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse: abuse score in the first 3 months postpartum (Conflict Tactics Score*) The CTS is a 19‐item self‐report scale listing behaviours that the respondent’s partner might use in conflicts. Women report the frequency of partner behaviours ... · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse: total episodes at final study assessment (pregnancy and up to 10 weeks postpartum) · pregnant women

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) probably leads to lower partner abuse: total episodes at final study assessment (pregnancy… compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions vs treatment

Number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention may leads to higher number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions vs treatment

Number of women who completed treatment ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in number of women who completed treatment ‐ total compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

Birth preferences: prefer caesarean section · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in birth preferences: prefer caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

Epidural analgesia during labour · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia during labour compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical breastfeeding support interventions (electric or manual breast pump) vs usual care (no pump)

Non‐initiation of breastfeeding · women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI > 29 kg/m², who were intending to breastfeed, had no history of breast surgery, who were at least 19 years…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review