At least 50% reduction in pain · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain no worse than mild at one or two weeks (or equivalent) · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events (death) · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
Other adverse events · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Treatment withdrawal · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery
Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) compared with morphine (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (postoperative care unit) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting… compared with morphine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (24 hours… compared with morphine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) compared with morphine (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours… compared with morphine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review