Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

106 questions · 118 findings · 17 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 17 · 14.4%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 37 · 31.4%Low 32 · 27.1%Moderate 28 · 23.7%High 4 · 3.4%

Implementation interventions vs no intervention

Patient health status: ADL (Barthel Index, 0–20, higher score = better) at up to 6 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation

Implementation interventions showed no clear difference in patient health status: ADL (Barthel Index, 0–20, higher score =… compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Implementation interventions to promote the uptake of evidence‐based practices in stroke rehabilitation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.29
2 studies · 1272 participants
Moderate

Implementation interventions vs no intervention

Patient health status: psychological well‐being (GHQ‐12, 0–36, higher score = worse) at up to 6 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation

Implementation interventions showed no clear difference in patient health status: psychological well‐being (GHQ‐12, 0–36,… compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Implementation interventions to promote the uptake of evidence‐based practices in stroke rehabilitation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1273 participants
Low

Maternal death review and audit as part of an intervention package including the ALARM course and training audit committees vs no intervention

Quality of care (Proportion of women receiving high quality cared) · mothers delivering in the hospitals

Maternal death review and audit as part of an intervention package… probably leads to higher quality of care (Proportion of women receiving high quality cared) compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Death audits and reviews for reducing maternal, perinatal and child mortality 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.87
1 study · 32 participants
Moderate

Maternal death review and audit as part of an intervention package including the ALARM course and training audit committees vs no intervention

Quality of care for women with complications (Proportion of women with eclampsia or postpartum haemorrhage receiving high quality cared) · mothers delivering in the hospitals

Maternal death review and audit as part of an intervention package… may leads to higher quality of care for women with complications (Proportion of women… compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Death audits and reviews for reducing maternal, perinatal and child mortality 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.67
1 study · 32 participants
Low

Health‐promotion interventions within community pharmacy vs usual treatment alone

Pharmacy user health‐related behaviour3 (Higher scores indicate a better outcome) · community pharmacy workers (examples pharmacists, counter assistants etc), community pharmacy users

1 finding from 1 review

Community pharmacy interventions for health promotion: effects on professional practice and health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2138 participants
Moderate

Health‐promotion interventions within community pharmacy vs usual treatment alone

Pharmacy user quality of life6 (Higher scores indicate better quality of life) · community pharmacy workers (examples pharmacists, counter assistants etc), community pharmacy users

1 finding from 1 review

Community pharmacy interventions for health promotion: effects on professional practice and health outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2687 participants
Moderate

Non‐specialist‐led vs specialist‐led follow‐up after primary cancer treatment

Depressive symptoms · adult cancer survivors from the following cancer sites: breast, colon, colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, cervical, melanoma and oesophageal

Non‐specialist‐led showed no clear difference in depression (at 12 months) HADS‐Depression subscale (higher scores… compared with specialist‐led follow‐up after primary cancer treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Follow‐up strategies following completion of primary cancer treatment in adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.03
1266 participants
High

Patient information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance

Patient satisfaction The degree of satisfaction · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 186 participants
Low

Decision aids for informed consent vs comparisons to improve professional performance

Patient satisfaction The degree of satisfaction · patient population with a specific condition or disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance

Patient satisfaction The degree of satisfaction · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease

1 finding from 1 review

Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 79 participants
Very low

ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service

Physical function · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme

1 finding from 1 review

Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 422 participants
Very low

ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service

Cognitive function · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme

1 finding from 1 review

Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 622 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Preparedness for resuscitation‡ Scale: 0 to 100% (better indicated by higher values)

1 finding from 1 review

In‐service training for health professionals to improve care of seriously ill newborns and children in low‐income… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Chronic disease management vs usual care

Asthma‐specific quality of life score Measured on different scales in different studies. Higher scores indicate higher quality of life. · adults with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Chronic disease management programmes for adults with asthma 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1627 participants
Moderate

Chronic disease management vs usual care

Self‐efficacy · adults with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Chronic disease management programmes for adults with asthma 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 642 participants
Low

Chronic disease management vs usual care

Asthma severity score5 Measured on different scales in different studies. Higher scores indicate lower severity · adults with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Chronic disease management programmes for adults with asthma 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1330 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Primary outcome measure · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – emergency · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – emergency (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.67, 1.23]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – elective repeat · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – for psychological reasons · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – for psychological reasons (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.5, 1.36]
Studies not reported
Low