Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.06, 15.48]
1 study · 86 participants
Low

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Hypercalcaemia · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.9, 1.11]
2 studies · 126 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Adverse effect: hyperphosphataemiab · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Adverse effect: kidney stonesb · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume vs lower bladder volume

Mean GI symptom scores (during RT) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume vs lower bladder volume

Acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer

Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume showed no clear difference in acute and late GI toxicity (grade 2+) compared with lower bladder volume (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.22 [0.62, 7.93]
1 study · 110 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume vs lower bladder volume

Diarrhoea (grade 2+) · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: Higher bladder volume vs lower bladder volume

QoL · Men undergoing RT for prostate cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

HFNC vs NIPPV or NIV

Respiratory effects: PaO2/FiO2 ratio up to 24 hours after initiation of therapy · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1086 participants
Low

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

Respiratory effects: PaO2/FiO2 ratio up to 24 hours after initiation of therapy · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 600 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 2 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.53 [0.06, 4.85]
1 study · 65 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose radiotherapy Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5 years after treatment · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: high‐dose radiotherapy Comparison: low‐dose… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term neurocognitive and other side effects of radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, for glioma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.16 [0.01, 3.2]
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Mean GI symptom scores (IBDQ‐B) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

QoL · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in QOL scores (IBDQ) (higher scores better) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 4.6
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

High‐fibre diet · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

Mean GI symptom scores (Vaizey scale) (higher scores better) · People undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for urological, gynaecological or colorectal cancer

Summary of findings: Diet interventions showed no clear difference in mean GI symptom scores (Vaizey scale) (higher scores better) compared with usual on‐treatment diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects (related to the exercise programs) · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse effects (related to the exercise programs) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.72 [0.51, 5.81]
4 studies · 364 participants
Very low