Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

168 questions · 168 findings · 19 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 47 · 28%GRADE not reported 7 · 4.2%Very low 53 · 31.5%Low 41 · 24.4%Moderate 14 · 8.3%High 6 · 3.6%

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Treatment failure requiring re‐intervention · adults with acute acromioclavicular dislocation of the shouldera

It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes treatment failure (usually requiring a subsequent operation) at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical vs conservative interventions

Treatment failure (indication for non‐routine secondary surgery) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures

Surgical may leads to lower treatment failuref Indication for non‐routine secondary surgery compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PTB (< 37w) ‐ PTB (<37w) ‐ Depth ≥15 to 17mm versus No Treatment · women with known obstetric outcomes

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes PTB (< 37w) ‐ PTB (<37w) ‐ Depth ≥15 to 17mm versus No Treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

PTB (< 37 w) ‐ PTB (< 37 w) ‐ Depth ≥ 20 mm versus No Treatment · women with known obstetric outcomes

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes PTB (< 37 w) ‐ PTB (< 37 w) ‐ Depth ≥ 20 mm versus No Treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TENS vs sham TENS

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 3 to 18 years with daytime urinary incontinence

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may leads to higher resolution of daytime urinary incontinence after 7 to 20 weeks'… compared with placebo (sham TENS) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy showed no clear difference in resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 6 to 12 months after 6… compared with urotherapy alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timer watch plus standard urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 14 years with overactive bladder and at least one episode of daytime urinary incontinence per week

It is very uncertain whether timer watch plus standard urotherapy changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence after 3 months of treatment compared with standard urotherapy alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography… changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 12 months (9 months… compared with pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training vs anticholinergics

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5‐14 years with daytime urinary incontinence or post‐micturition dribbling

It is very uncertain whether pelvic floor muscle training changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at end of treatment or 1… compared with anticholinergics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback vs anticholinergics

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 6 to 12 years with overactive bladder with urge incontinence

It is very uncertain whether voiding education with uroflowmetry and feedback changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 12 months after 6… compared with anticholinergics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 3 to 17 years with daytime urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with urotherapy changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence after 12 months of… compared with urotherapy alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review