Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

522 questions · 532 findings · 23 reviews

No studies found 88 · 16.5%GRADE not reported 174 · 32.7%Very low 111 · 20.9%Low 92 · 17.3%Moderate 46 · 8.6%High 21 · 3.9%

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ BCG (SMS + monetary incentive) · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ BCG… compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ OPV3 (phone call/SMS only) · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ OPV3… compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ OPV3 (phone call/SMS + monetary incentive) · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ OPV3… compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ measles/MMR (phone call/SMS + monetary incentive) · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives may leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐… compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation alone

Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus… showed no clear difference in number of women requiring rescue medication compared with lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs IM morphine

Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus… may leads to lower number of women requiring rescue medication compared with intramuscular morphine alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs placebo

Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia

Combination of intraperitoneal lidocaine instillation and… may leads to lower number of women requiring rescue medication compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Combination NRT & bupropion versus placebo Smoking cessation · people who have quit smoking using a cessation intervention

The intervention showed no clear difference in combination NRT & bupropion versus placebo Smoking cessation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Combination of patient mail and telephone reminder or recall · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention probably leads to higher combination of patient mail and telephone reminder or recall (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Combination of patient reminder or recall with outreach intervention · children, adolescents, and adults with a need for routine immunizations, excluding travel immunizations

The intervention leads to higher combination of patient reminder or recall with outreach intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review