Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

178 questions · 182 findings · 14 reviews

No studies found 67 · 36.8%GRADE not reported 36 · 19.8%Very low 38 · 20.9%Low 30 · 16.5%Moderate 11 · 6%High 0 · 0%

Patient-used 5000 ppm F toothpaste, daily vs 1450 to 1500 ppm F toothpaste

Adverse effects · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Patient-used 5000 ppm F toothpaste, daily vs 1450 to 1500 ppm F toothpaste

Number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

Patient-used 5000 ppm F toothpaste, daily throughout treatment showed no clear difference in number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) compared with 1450 ppm F (conventional) toothpaste, daily (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Professionally-applied 12,300 ppm F APF foam, every 2 months vs 0 ppm F placebo foam

Number of participants with more severe DLs (severity of DLs) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

12,500 ppm F (NaF/olaflur/dectaflur) amine fluoride gel vs Placebo gel

Adverse effects · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
1 finding from 1 review

Professionally-applied 12,300 ppm F APF foam, every 2 months vs 0 ppm F placebo foam

Number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

Professionally-applied 12,300 ppm F APF foam, every 2 months may leads to lower number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) compared with 0 ppm F placebo foam (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

1400/250 ppm F (amine F/SnF2) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily vs 1400/250 ppm F (NaF) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily

Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

It is very uncertain whether 1400/250 ppm F (amine F/SnF2) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily changes visible plaque index (mean change from baseline) compared with 1400/250 ppm F (NaF) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Professionally-applied 12,300 ppm F APF foam, every 2 months vs 0 ppm F placebo foam

Adverse effects · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride varnish vs Non-fluoride (placebo) varnish

Adverse effects · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: percutaneous pinning vs cast or brace immobilisation only

Upper limb function · adults with dorsally displaced distal radius fractures
3 findings from 1 review

Activator functional appliance vs Prefabricated functional myobrace appliance (PFA)

Final overjet · Adolescents (age 12 to 16 years) receiving orthodontic treatment to correct prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion)

Activator functional appliance showed no clear difference in final overjet compared with prefabricated functional myobrace appliance (PFA); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Larger traumatic needles vs smaller traumatic needles

Headache · patients undergoing lumbar punctures with traumatic needles (Quincke, Greene, Hingson Ferguson, Lutz, Brace, Rovenstine, Lemmon)

Larger traumatic needles probably leads to lower any headache compared with smaller traumatic needles (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Larger traumatic needles vs smaller traumatic needles

Onset of PDPH · patients undergoing lumbar punctures with traumatic needles (Quincke, Greene, Hingson Ferguson, Lutz, Brace, Rovenstine, Lemmon)

Larger traumatic needles may leads to lower onset of PDPH compared with smaller traumatic needles (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review