Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Global impression ‐ need for additional medication ‐ medium term Number of participants requiring additional medication · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Satisfaction with treatment: from the perspective of consumer, family and informal carers or professionals/carers at any point during the acute management stage · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
1 finding from 1 review
Cost‐effectiveness · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
1 finding from 1 review
No clinically important response to treatment ‐ ultra short term (at 12 hours) · patients with schizophrenia
It is very uncertain whether ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes no clinically important response to treatment ‐ ultra short term (at… compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
No clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia
It is very uncertain whether ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes no clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term (3 weeks… compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · patients with schizophrenia
It is very uncertain whether ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes leaving the study early due to any reason (overall acceptability of… compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · patients with schizophrenia
It is very uncertain whether ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes leaving the study early due to adverse effects (overall tolerability… compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ tranquillised at 60 minutes · patients with schizophrenia
ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS may leads to higher desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ tranquillised at 60 minutes compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ asleep at 12 hours · patients with schizophrenia
ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS showed no clear difference in desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ asleep at 12 hours compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tranquil or asleep: Not tranquil or asleep ‐ by 30 mins · people with psychosis‐induced aggression
HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE leads to lower tranquil or asleep: Not tranquil or asleep ‐ by 30 mins compared with BENZODIAZEPINES ‐ LORAZEPAM (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Global state: Needing restraints or seclusion ‐ by 12 hours · people with psychosis‐induced aggression
HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE showed no clear difference in global state: Needing restraints or seclusion ‐ by 12 hours compared with BENZODIAZEPINES ‐ LORAZEPAM (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours Central nervous system ‐ excessive sedation · people with psychosis‐induced aggression
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effect: Specific ‐ Death · people with psychosis‐induced aggression
1 finding from 1 review
Service outcomes: Not discharged ‐ by 4 hours · people with psychosis‐induced aggression
HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE showed no clear difference in service outcomes: Not discharged ‐ by 4 hours compared with BENZODIAZEPINES ‐ LORAZEPAM (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Aggression · people with psychosis‐induced aggression
1 finding from 1 review
Economic outcomes: Cost of care · people with psychosis‐induced aggression
1 finding from 1 review
Tranquil or asleep: Not tranquil or asleep · people with psychosis‐induced aggression
HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE leads to higher tranquil or asleep: Not tranquil or asleep compared with BENZODIAZEPINES ‐ MIDAZOLAM (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review