Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,922 questions · 3,118 findings · 513 reviews

No studies found 574 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 372 · 11.9%Very low 723 · 23.2%Low 854 · 27.4%Moderate 489 · 15.7%High 106 · 3.4%

Mindfulness plus medication vs Medication alone

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower pain intensity at follow-up (12 months) compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Hypnosis vs relaxation

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Hypnosis showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Treatment completion
    Not pooled (clinical heterogeneity). Abrahamsen 2011: MD -1.00 (95% CI -2.27 to 0.27), n=38 (hypnosis 19, relaxation 19); Stam 1984: MD not reported, n=27 (hypnosis 12, relaxation 15).
    2 studies · 65 participants
    GRADE not reported

Habit reversal vs waiting list control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Habit reversal treatment led to lower pain intensity compared with waiting-list control; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Education vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review

CBT plus hypnosis (combined package) vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

CBT plus hypnosis (combined package) led to lower pain intensity compared with usual care; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Responsive complementary feeding (RCF) / other caregivers' feeding practices vs Other models of complementary feeding (traditional/non-responsive CF)

Hypertension (later in life) · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western industrialized countries

No eligible studies examined the influence of complementary feeding practices on later hypertension; this is an evidence gap.

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs IR oxycodone

Pain intensity (mean across treatment or at end of treatment; length of treatment varied across trials; various pain intensity scales; SMD) · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes pain intensity (mean across treatment or at end of treatment; length… compared with IR oxycodone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs CR morphine

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with cancer‐related pain

CR oxycodone may leads to higher pain intensity (various pain intensity scales; SMD) compared with CR morphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examination vs routine rectal examination

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · pregnant women in labour at term

It is very uncertain whether routine vaginal examination changes admission to neonatal intensive care unit№ of participants: 307(1 RCT) compared with routine rectal examination (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review