Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,353 questions in 210 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 18.4%Ungraded 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings Either hypocarbia or respiratory acidosis · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.42, 1.1] | 2 studies · 37 participants | Ungraded |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings Patent ductus arteriosus · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.8, 1.12] | 10 studies · 754 participants | Low |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings Air leak (any) · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.44, 1.43] | 5 studies · 374 participants | Low |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings Pulmonary interstitial emphysema · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.63, 2.3] | 6 studies · 430 participants | Low |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: main findings Death or BPD (36 weeks) · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.59, 0.89] | 8 studies · 584 participants | Moderate |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings Any IVH · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.62, 1.08] | 5 studies · 445 participants | Low |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings PVL · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.43 [0.19, 0.98] | 7 studies · 508 participants | Moderate |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings Any IVH or PVL · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.58, 1.18] | 3 studies · 298 participants | Moderate |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings BPD (supplemental oxygen at 28 days) · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.64, 1.3] | 4 studies · 206 participants | Low |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: main findings Duration of positive pressure ventilation (days) · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 736 participants | Moderate |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: main findings Pneumothorax · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.31, 0.87] | 13 studies · 825 participants | Moderate |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: main findings IVH grade 3‐4 · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.37, 0.77] | 10 studies · 712 participants | Moderate |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: main findings IVH grade 3‐4 or PVL · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.27, 0.8] | 6 studies · 441 participants | Moderate |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: main findings BPD (supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks) · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.53, 0.87] | 9 studies · 620 participants | Low |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings Death or BPD (28 days) · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.64, 1.18] | 3 studies · 149 participants | Low |
Volume‐targeted vs pressure‐limited ventilation: additional findings Failure of mode of ventilation · neonates up to 44 weeks' postmenstrual age Volume‐targeted versus pressure‐limited ventilation in neonates (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.48, 1] | 5 studies · 445 participants | Moderate |
Arginine vs placebo NEC any stage Bell's criteria · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.23, 0.64] | 3 studies · 285 participants | Moderate |
Arginine vs placebo Stage 1 NEC Bell's criteria · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.15, 0.9] | 3 studies · 285 participants | Moderate |
Arginine vs placebo Stage 2 NEC Bell's criteria · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.25, 1.06] | 3 studies · 285 participants | Moderate |
Arginine vs placebo Stage 3 NEC Bell's criteria · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.02, 1.03] | 3 studies · 285 participants | Moderate |
Arginine vs placebo Mortality due to any cause · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.41, 1.45] | 3 studies · 285 participants | Low |
Arginine vs placebo Side effects ‐ hypotension · prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.41, 2.59] | 2 studies · 192 participants | Moderate |
Supine vs prone positioning Episodes of apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 72 participants | Very low |
Prone horizontal vs left lateral horizontal positioning Episodes of oxygen desaturation · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Very low |
Prone horizontal vs left lateral horizontal positioning Episodes of severe apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Very low |
Prone horizontal vs left lateral horizontal positioning Episodes of bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Very low |
Prone horizontal vs left lateral horizontal positioning Episodes of severe bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Very low |
Right lateral vs left lateral positioning Episodes of apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 131 participants | Low |
Right lateral vs left lateral positioning Episodes of oxygen desaturation · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Very low |
Right lateral vs left lateral positioning Episodes of severe apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Very low |
Right lateral vs left lateral positioning Episodes of bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Very low |
Right lateral vs left lateral positioning Episodes of severe bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Very low |
Prone horizontal vs prone head elevated positioning Episodes of apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 129 participants | Low |
Supine vs prone positioning Episodes of oxygen desaturation · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Prone horizontal vs prone head elevated positioning Episodes of oxygen desaturation · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 111 participants | Very low |
Prone horizontal vs prone head elevated positioning Episodes of severe apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Prone horizontal vs prone head elevated positioning Episodes of bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 111 participants | Low |
Prone horizontal vs prone head elevated positioning Episodes of severe bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 111 participants | Low |
Right lateral horizontal vs right lateral elevated positioning Episides of apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
Right lateral horizontal vs right lateral elevated positioning Episodes of oxygen desaturation · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
Right lateral horizontal vs right lateral elevated positioning Episodes of severe apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
Right lateral horizontal vs right lateral elevated positioning Episodes of bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
Right lateral horizontal vs right lateral elevated positioning Episodes of severe bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
Left lateral horizontal vs left lateral elevated positioning Episodes of apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Supine vs prone positioning Episodes of bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 72 participants | Very low |
Left lateral horizontal vs left lateral elevated positioning Episodes of oxygen desaturation · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Left lateral horizontal vs left lateral elevated positioning Episodes of severe apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Left lateral horizontal vs left lateral elevated positioning Episodes of bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Left lateral horizontal vs left lateral elevated positioning Episodes of severe bradycardia · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 87 participants | Very low |
Prone horizontal vs right lateral horizontal positioning Episodes of apnoea · spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 130 participants | Very low |