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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR 0.5% CMC vs. sodium hyaluronate · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 131 participants | Low |
Intervention NR 0.5% CMC vs. 0.3% HPMC · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 268 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.5% CMC vs 1% CMC · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 103 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR lipid‐based CMC vs. aqueous‐based CMC · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 315 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Two different concentrations of CMC + hyaluronic acid vs CMC · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 305 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.5% CMC vs 0.5% CMC + castor oil vs. 1.0% glycerine + castor oil · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 1.0% CMC vs. 0.18% sodium hyaluronate · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 1.0% CMC vs. 0.3% HPMC · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 77 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 1.0% CMC vs. 0.4% carbomer · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR a) · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 297 participants | Low |
Intervention NR 0.2% carbomer vs. 0.3% HPMC vs. 0.3% anhydrous liquid lanolin · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 67 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.2% carbomer vs. HP‐guar · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.3% carbomer vs. 0.18% sodium hyaluronate · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 368 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Carbomer gels containing different preservatives · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 179 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.2% PAA vs. 1.4% PVA · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 159 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 1.4% PVA vs. 0.1% sodium hyaluronate · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 1.4% PVA vs. carbomer · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 55 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.3% HPMC vs. 0.4% hyaluronic acid · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 113 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Two different products containing 0.3% HPMC · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.3% HPMC with vs without bicarbonate · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR b) · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.3% HPMC vs. 1.25% castor oil · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Trehalose + hyaluronic acid vs. PEG + PG + HP‐guar · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR c) · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR PEG 400 + PG + HP‐guar vs. CMC · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 471 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR PEG 400 + PG or sodium hyaluronate vs. HPMC or CMC · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.4% PEG 400 + PG vs. 0.25% PEG 400 · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.25% PEG 400 vs.1% CMC · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR 0.25% PEG 400 vs. 0.3% HPMC · people with dry eye Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Complete success ( · People undergoing trabeculectomy surgery with glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for control of wound healing in glaucoma surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.46, 1.08] | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Qualified success ( · People undergoing trabeculectomy surgery with glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for control of wound healing in glaucoma surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.87, 1.14] | 1 study · 42 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mean IOP ( · People undergoing trabeculectomy surgery with glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for control of wound healing in glaucoma surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 66 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ wound leaks · People undergoing trabeculectomy surgery with glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for control of wound healing in glaucoma surgery (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.28 [0.32, 5.04] | 3 studies · 102 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ hypotony · People undergoing trabeculectomy surgery with glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for control of wound healing in glaucoma surgery (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.2, 3.11] | 4 studies · 126 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ shallow anterior chamber · People undergoing trabeculectomy surgery with glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for control of wound healing in glaucoma surgery (2016) · Cochrane | OR 3.2 [0.32, 32.52] | 2 studies · 66 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ endophthalmitis · People undergoing trabeculectomy surgery with glaucoma Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for control of wound healing in glaucoma surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR UCVA of 20/20 or better at 12 months post treatment · adult participants (≥ 18 years) with myopia Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correction of… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.05] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Within ± 0.50 D of target refraction at 12 months post treatment · adult participants (≥ 18 years) with myopia Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correction of… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.03] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Loss of 1 or more lines of BSCVA at 12 months post treatment · adult participants (≥ 18 years) with myopia Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correction of… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 71.96] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Mean spherical equivalent at 12 months post treatment · adult participants (≥ 18 years) with myopia Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correction of… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse outcomes ‐ corneal haze score at 12 months (grade 1.0 ‐ more prominent haze that does not interfere with visibility of fine iris details; grade 2.0 ‐ mild obscuration of iris details; grade 3.0 ‐ moderate obscuration of iris and lens; and ... · adult participants (≥ 18 years) with myopia Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correction of… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse outcomes ‐ glare and halo scores at 3 months (grade 0 ‐ none; grade 1 ‐ very low; grade 2 ‐ low; grade 3 ‐ moderate; grade 4 ‐ high; and grade 5 ‐ very high) · adult participants (≥ 18 years) with myopia Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correction of… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Proportion of successful procedures at 1 year and up to 5 years after surgery (no exposure/extrusion) · people with anophthalmic sockets Integrated versus non‐integrated orbital implants for treating anophthalmic sockets (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.84, 1.01] | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Socket and prosthesis motility (horizontal) · people with anophthalmic sockets Integrated versus non‐integrated orbital implants for treating anophthalmic sockets (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Socket and prosthesis motility (vertical) · people with anophthalmic sockets Integrated versus non‐integrated orbital implants for treating anophthalmic sockets (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Any adverse outcomes (e.g. extrusions or migration, infections, ectropion) · people with anophthalmic sockets Integrated versus non‐integrated orbital implants for treating anophthalmic sockets (2016) · Cochrane | RR 17.82 [0.98, 324.67] | 1 study · 150 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Improvement in visual impairment at 6 months · people residing in communities endemic for onchocerciasis Doxycycline plus ivermectin versus ivermectin alone for treatment of patients with onchocerciasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.8, 1.39] | 1 study · 240 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Parasitological outcomes · people residing in communities endemic for onchocerciasis Doxycycline plus ivermectin versus ivermectin alone for treatment of patients with onchocerciasis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinical outcomes: improvement in optic atrophy, chorioretinitis, or sclerosing keratitis at 6 months · people residing in communities endemic for onchocerciasis Doxycycline plus ivermectin versus ivermectin alone for treatment of patients with onchocerciasis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinical outcomes: improvement in iridocyclitis at 6 months · people residing in communities endemic for onchocerciasis Doxycycline plus ivermectin versus ivermectin alone for treatment of patients with onchocerciasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.69, 2.22] | 1 study · 240 participants | Very low |