Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Hydroxyurea vs RBC transfusion All‐cause mortality · prevention of SCI in people with SCD who had a stroke (secondary prevention) Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.02 [0.06, 16.41] | 1 study · 133 participants | Very low |
Hydroxyurea vs RBC transfusion SCD‐related SAEs ‐ ACS · prevention of SCI in people with SCD who had a stroke (secondary prevention) Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.08] | 1 study · 133 participants | Very low |
Hydroxyurea vs RBC transfusion SCD‐related SAEs ‐ pain crisis · prevention of SCI in people with SCD who had a stroke (secondary prevention) Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3.15 [1.23, 8.11] | 1 study · 133 participants | Low |
Hydroxyurea vs RBC transfusion Clinical stroke · prevention of SCI in people with SCD who had a stroke (secondary prevention) Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 14.78 [0.86, 253.66] | 1 study · 133 participants | Very low |
Hydroxyurea vs RBC transfusion Cognitive function ‐ not reported · prevention of SCI in people with SCD who had a stroke (secondary prevention) Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hydroxyurea vs RBC transfusion Quality of life ‐ not reported · prevention of SCI in people with SCD who had a stroke (secondary prevention) Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐term RBC transfusion vs standard care SCD‐related SAEs ‐ pain crisis · prevention of SCI in people with SCD and normal TCD velocities Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.4, 0.78] | 1 study · 196 participants | Low |
Long‐term RBC transfusion vs standard care Clinical stroke · prevention of SCI in people with SCD and normal TCD velocities Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.02, 1.12] | 1 study · 196 participants | Low |
Long‐term RBC transfusion vs standard care Cognitive function · prevention of SCI in people with SCD and normal TCD velocities Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 196 participants | Low |
Long‐term RBC transfusion vs standard care Quality of life · prevention of SCI in people with SCD and normal TCD velocities Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 196 participants | Low |
Long‐term RBC transfusion vs standard care Proportion of participants developing new or progressive SCI lesions · prevention of SCI in people with SCD and abnormal TCD velocities Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.02, 0.86] | 1 study · 124 participants | Low |
Long‐term RBC transfusion vs standard care All‐cause mortality · prevention of SCI in people with SCD and abnormal TCD velocities Interventions for preventing silent cerebral infarcts in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 130 participants | Very low |
HC (13.5 mg/m²/day to 15.5 mg/m²/day): high morning dose vs high evening dose QoL · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (3 mg/m²/day) versus DXA (0.3 mg/m²/day) Prevention of adrenal crisis · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (3 mg/m²/day) versus DXA (0.3 mg/m²/day) Presence of osteopenia · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (3 mg/m²/day) versus DXA (0.3 mg/m²/day) Presence of testicular or ovarian adrenal rest tumours · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (3 mg/m²/day) versus DXA (0.3 mg/m²/day) Subfertility · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (3 mg/m²/day) versus DXA (0.3 mg/m²/day) Final adult height · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (10 mg/m²/day to 15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (2.4 mg/m²/day to 3.5 mg/m²/day) QoL · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (10 mg/m²/day to 15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (2.4 mg/m²/day to 3.5 mg/m²/day) Androgen normalisation · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
HC (10 mg/m²/day to 15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (2.4 mg/m²/day to 3.5 mg/m²/day) Prevention of adrenal crisis · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (10 mg/m²/day to 15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (2.4 mg/m²/day to 3.5 mg/m²/day) Presence of osteopenia · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (10 mg/m²/day to 15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (2.4 mg/m²/day to 3.5 mg/m²/day) Presence of testicular or ovarian adrenal rest tumours · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (13.5 mg/m²/day to 15.5 mg/m²/day): high morning dose vs high evening dose Androgen normalisation · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 participants | Very low |
HC (10 mg/m²/day to 15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (2.4 mg/m²/day to 3.5 mg/m²/day) Subfertility · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (10 mg/m²/day to 15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (2.4 mg/m²/day to 3.5 mg/m²/day) Final adult height · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs HC (25 mg/m²/day) with fludrocortisone (0.1 mg/day) QoL · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs HC (25 mg/m²/day) with fludrocortisone (0.1 mg/day) Androgen normalisation · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 26 participants | Very low |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs HC (25 mg/m²/day) with fludrocortisone (0.1 mg/day) Prevention of adrenal crisis · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs HC (25 mg/m²/day) with fludrocortisone (0.1 mg/day) Presence of osteopenia · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs HC (25 mg/m²/day) with fludrocortisone (0.1 mg/day) Presence of testicular or ovarian adrenal rest tumours · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs HC (25 mg/m²/day) with fludrocortisone (0.1 mg/day) Subfertility · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs HC (25 mg/m²/day) with fludrocortisone (0.1 mg/day) Final adult height · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 26 participants | Very low |
HC (13.5 mg/m²/day to 15.5 mg/m²/day): high morning dose vs high evening dose Prevention of adrenal crisis · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (13.5 mg/m²/day to 15.5 mg/m²/day): high morning dose vs high evening dose Presence of osteopenia · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (13.5 mg/m²/day to 15.5 mg/m²/day): high morning dose vs high evening dose Presence of testicular or ovarian adrenal rest tumours · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (13.5 mg/m²/day to 15.5 mg/m²/day): high morning dose vs high evening dose Subfertility · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (13.5 mg/m²/day to 15.5 mg/m²/day): high morning dose vs high evening dose Final adult height · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (3 mg/m²/day) versus DXA (0.3 mg/m²/day) QoL · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HC (15 mg/m²/day) vs PD (3 mg/m²/day) versus DXA (0.3 mg/m²/day) Androgen normalisation · people with CAH Glucocorticoid replacement regimens for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Pain relief (percentage relief compared to baseline) · children and young adults with SCD Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management in sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain intensity (visual analogue score from 0 to 10 where 10 is the most severe pain) · children and young adults with SCD Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management in sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Frequency of pain episodes · children and young adults with SCD Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management in sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Change in consumption of analgesics (number of participants requiring analgesia) · children and young adults with SCD Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management in sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Change in QoL · children and young adults with SCD Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management in sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Change in ability to cope with ADL · children and young adults with SCD Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management in sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · children and young adults with SCD Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management in sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Probiotics vs placebo Number of pulmonary exacerbations · children and adults with CF Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 225 participants | Low |
Probiotics vs placebo Faecal calprotectin · children and adults with CF Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 177 participants | Low |
Probiotics vs placebo Adverse events (serious adverse reaction and adverse reaction) · children and adults with CF Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.49, 18.46] | 5 studies · 310 participants | Low |