Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

973 questions · 1,024 findings · 106 reviews

No studies found 235 · 22.9%GRADE not reported 59 · 5.8%Very low 207 · 20.2%Low 271 · 26.5%Moderate 177 · 17.3%High 75 · 7.3%

Intervention not reported

Stillbirth · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in stillbirth (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intrauterine growth restriction · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in intrauterine growth restriction (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Clinical pre‐eclampsia · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in clinical pre‐eclampsia (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Placental abruption · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention leads to lower placental abruption (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Prothrombin complex concentrates vs any comparator

Mortality within the longest · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention

It is very uncertain whether prothrombin complex concentrate changes overall mortality ‐ longest compared with any comparator (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Prothrombin complex concentrates vs any comparator

Number of new occurrences of RBC transfusion · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention

It is very uncertain whether prothrombin complex concentrate changes number of new occurrences of RBC transfusion compared with any comparator (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Prothrombin complex concentrates vs any comparator

Number of complications probably related to the intervention · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention

It is very uncertain whether prothrombin complex concentrate changes number of complications probably related to the intervention compared with any comparator (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major VTE events in TKR combined doses bilateral ascending venography · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in major VTE events in TKR combined doses bilateral ascending venography compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

All‐cause Mortality events in TKR combined doses · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in all‐cause Mortality events in TKR combined doses compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Total Bleeding events in TKR combined doses · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in total Bleeding events in TKR combined doses compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

ALT >3 times the upper normal limit · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in ALT >3 times the upper normal limit at the end of compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline vs multivitamin and mineral supplement

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Rajendran 2006 (pentoxifylline 14 vs multivitamins 15): reported increased interincisal distance in the pentoxifylline group but no baseline data, so change could not be determined; excluded from meta-analysis.
    1 study · 29 participants
    GRADE not reported

Pentoxifylline vs multivitamin and mineral supplement

Severity of oral/mucosal burning pain/sensation · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Rajendran 2006 concluded the intervention reduced pain, but pain intensity evaluations were inadequately defined and from interview data, making mean scores difficult to interpret.
    1 study · 29 participants
    GRADE not reported