What do systematic reviews say?

Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine

• Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 182 participants
  High

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.16 [0.09, 0.28]
  12 studies · 1220 participants
  Moderate

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine showed no clear difference in presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.51]
  2 studies · 94 participants
  Low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.02, 0.69]
  2 studies · 120 participants
  Low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

It is very uncertain whether risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine changes presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (very low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.18, 5.82]
  4 studies · 274 participants
  Very low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs prilocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.18 [0.07, 0.49]
  4 studies · 429 participants
  Moderate

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.14 [0.04, 0.52]
  2 studies · 130 participants
  Moderate

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs ropivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.1 [0.01, 0.78]
  2 studies · 90 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 8 months after caesarean section (We defined… (moderate certainty).

• Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.46 [0.28, 0.78]
  4 studies · 551 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in persistent pain 3 to 55 months after iliac crest bone graft… (low certainty).

• Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.2 [0.04, 1.09]
  3 studies · 123 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 6 months after breast cancer surgery (We… (moderate certainty).

• Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.24 [0.08, 0.69]
  2 studies · 97 participants
  Moderate

Propofol vs inhalation anaesthetics

• Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Propofol vs inhalation anaesthetics

• Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 88 participants
  Moderate

Propofol vs inhalation anaesthetics

• Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 277 participants
  Low

Propofol vs inhalation anaesthetics

• Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 214 participants
  Low

Propofol vs inhalation anaesthetics

Propofol probably leads to lower failure of deliberate hypotension (%) compared with inhalation anaesthetics (moderate certainty).

• Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.24 [0.09, 0.66]
  1 study · 88 participants
  Moderate

Peribulbar vs retrobulbar

• Peribulbar versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 221 participants
  Low

Peribulbar vs retrobulbar

Peribulbar showed no clear difference in globe akinesia extraocular muscle motility compared with retrobulbar (low certainty).

• Peribulbar versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.82, 1.13]
  4 studies · 1042 participants
  Low