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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Internal stents vs external stents Pancreatitis · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.15 [0.01, 2.73] | 2 studies · 262 participants | Low |
Internal stents vs external stents Intra‐abdominal abscess · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.91 [0.8, 4.58] | 3 studies · 362 participants | Low |
Internal stents vs external stents Wound infection · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [0.44, 4.48] | 2 studies · 319 participants | Moderate |
No replacement vs replacement Pancreatic fistulas · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [0.84, 3.07] | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
No replacement vs replacement In‐hospital mortality · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Ungraded |
No replacement vs replacement Total hospital stay · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
No replacement vs replacement Delayed gastric emptying · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.46, 2.41] | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
Stents vs no stents In‐hospital mortality · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.28, 1.94] | 4 studies · 605 participants | Moderate |
Stents vs no stents Reoperation · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.36, 1.22] | 3 studies · 512 participants | Moderate |
Stents vs no stents Total hospital stay · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 605 participants | Moderate |
Stents vs no stents Delayed gastric emptying · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.24, 2.35] | 3 studies · 371 participants | Moderate |
Stents vs no stents Intra‐abdominal abscess · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.49, 3.85] | 1 study · 234 participants | Low |
Stents vs no stents Wound infection · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.4, 1.32] | 4 studies · 605 participants | Moderate |
Internal stents vs external stents Pancreatic fistulas · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [0.94, 2.21] | 3 studies · 362 participants | Low |
Internal stents vs external stents In‐hospital mortality · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Stents for the prevention of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.99] | 3 studies · 362 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Eradication proportion · participants with Helicobacter pylori infection Sequential versus standard triple first‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2016) · Cochrane | RD 0.09 | 44 studies · 12701 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Geographic region · participants with Helicobacter pylori infection Sequential versus standard triple first‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2016) · Cochrane | RD 0.09 | 44 studies · 12284 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Publication date · participants with Helicobacter pylori infection Sequential versus standard triple first‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2016) · Cochrane | RD 0.08 | 44 studies · 12751 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR STT length · participants with Helicobacter pylori infection Sequential versus standard triple first‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2016) · Cochrane | RD 0.14 | 22 studies · 5439 participants | High |
Intervention NR Bacterial antibiotic resistance · participants with Helicobacter pylori infection Sequential versus standard triple first‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2016) · Cochrane | RD 0.13 | 8 studies · 832 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events rate · participants with Helicobacter pylori infection Sequential versus standard triple first‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2016) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 27 studies · 8103 participants | High |
PEG vs placebo Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 101 participants | Low |
PEG vs enema Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
PEG vs enema S uccessful disimpaction · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0 [0.66, 1.51] | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
PEG vs paraffin Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 261 participants | Very low |
PEG vs flixweed Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 109 participants | Low |
PEG vs flixweed Need for additional therapies · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3 [1.03, 12.1] | 1 study · 109 participants | Very low |
PEG vs dietary fibre Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 83 participants | Low |
PEG vs dietary fibre Need for additional therapies · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0 [0.05, 5.34] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
PEG vs dietary fibre Frequency of faecal incontinence · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 83 participants | Low |
High dose PEG vs low dose PEG Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
High dose PEG vs low dose PEG Need for additional therapy · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0 [0.24, 1.02] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
PEG vs placebo Serious adverse events · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0 [0.02, 1.51] | 2 studies · 101 participants | Low |
High dose PEG vs low dose PEG Faecal incontinence · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.02, 1.39] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
High dose PEG vs low dose PEG Adverse events · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.33, 5.88] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Liquid paraffin (mineral oil) vs lactulose Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 287 participants | Low |
Lactulose vs lactitol Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
Lactulose vs milk of magnesia (MOM) Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Lactulose vs milk of magnesia (MOM) Successful disimpaction · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.67, 1.03] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Lactulose vs milk of magnesia (MOM) Need for additional therapies · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.8, 5.02] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Lactulose vs partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Low |
PEG vs lactulose Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 465 participants | Very low |
PEG vs lactulose Need for additional therapies · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.36, 0.83] | 4 studies · 304 participants | Low |
PEG vs lactulose Successful disimpaction · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.36, 0.83] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
PEG vs lactulose Adverse events · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.68, 1.11] | 3 studies · 242 participants | Moderate |
PEG vs lactulose Serious adverse events · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.37, 15.96] | 2 studies · 145 participants | Low |
PEG vs milk of magnesia (MOM) Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 211 participants | Low |
PEG vs milk of magnesia (MOM) Successful disimpaction · patients aged 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of functional constipation Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.93, 1.16] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Eradication therapy combined with periodontal therapy vs eradication therapy alone Eradication rate of gastric H. pylori · patients with gastric Helicobacter pylori infection Periodontal therapy as adjunctive treatment for gastric Helicobacter pylori infection (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.15 [1.47, 3.14] | 6 studies · 543 participants | Moderate |
Eradication therapy combined with periodontal therapy vs eradication therapy alone Non‐recurrence rate of gastric H. pylori · patients with gastric Helicobacter pylori infection Periodontal therapy as adjunctive treatment for gastric Helicobacter pylori infection (2016) · Cochrane | OR 3.6 [2.11, 6.15] | 3 studies · 299 participants | Low |