Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

948 questions · 998 findings · 100 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 233 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 40 · 4%Very low 203 · 20.3%Low 271 · 27.2%Moderate 176 · 17.6%High 75 · 7.5%

Intervention not reported

Stillbirth · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in stillbirth (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intrauterine growth restriction · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in intrauterine growth restriction (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Clinical pre‐eclampsia · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in clinical pre‐eclampsia (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Placental abruption · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention leads to lower placental abruption (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Prothrombin complex concentrates vs any comparator

Mortality within the longest · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention

It is very uncertain whether prothrombin complex concentrate changes overall mortality ‐ longest compared with any comparator (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Prothrombin complex concentrates vs any comparator

Number of new occurrences of RBC transfusion · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention

It is very uncertain whether prothrombin complex concentrate changes number of new occurrences of RBC transfusion compared with any comparator (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Prothrombin complex concentrates vs any comparator

Number of complications probably related to the intervention · patients with vitamin K antagonist‐induced bleeding requiring acute intervention

It is very uncertain whether prothrombin complex concentrate changes number of complications probably related to the intervention compared with any comparator (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major VTE events in TKR combined doses bilateral ascending venography · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in major VTE events in TKR combined doses bilateral ascending venography compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

All‐cause Mortality events in TKR combined doses · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in all‐cause Mortality events in TKR combined doses compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Total Bleeding events in TKR combined doses · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in total Bleeding events in TKR combined doses compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

ALT >3 times the upper normal limit · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in ALT >3 times the upper normal limit at the end of compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

All‐cause mortality · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether aspirin (ASA) changes all‐cause mortality compared with vitamin K antagonist (VKA) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review