Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,815 questions · 6,211 findings · 638 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,052 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 441 · 7.1%Very low 1,700 · 27.4%Low 1,651 · 26.6%Moderate 1,070 · 17.2%High 297 · 4.8%

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Metformin vs sulphonylureas

All‐cause mortality

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 3129 participants
Very low

Metformin vs sulphonylureas

SAEs

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3081 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Intralesional classical immunosuppresants (betamethasone or triamcinolone) vs placebo

Incidence of serious adverse events · adults with alopecia areata

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 543 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Intralesional classical immunosuppresants (betamethasone or triamcinolone) vs placebo

Health‐related quality of life ‐ not reported · adults with alopecia areata

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Intralesional classical immunosuppresants (betamethasone or triamcinolone) vs placebo

Long‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (greater than 26 weeks of · adults with alopecia areata

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Intralesional classical immunosuppresants (betamethasone or triamcinolone) vs placebo

Short‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (between 12 and 26 weeks of · adults with alopecia areata

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Intralesional classical… changes short‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (between 12 and 26 weeks of compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 13.84 [0.87, 219.76]
1 study · 231 participants
Very low

Amethocaine vs placebo

Pain · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthesia for needle‐related pain in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 110 participants
Low

Amethocaine vs placebo

Successful cannulation at the first attempt · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether amethocaine changes successful cannulation first attempt compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthesia for needle‐related pain in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [0.82, 1.81]
1 study · 39 participants
Very low

Amethocaine vs placebo

Adverse effects (short‐lasting skin reactions) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthesia for needle‐related pain in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 181 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

7‐methylxanthine · children with progressive myopia (36 studies, 6263 participants) in the analysis Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

7‐methyxanthine · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Low

Low vs high 17ß‐oestradiol dose

Endometrial histology · young women with Turner syndrome who have completed pubertal induction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone

Endometrial thickness (mm) · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation

2 findings from 1 review

Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low
Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Oral vs vaginal administration of oestradiol and dydrogesterone

Endometrial histology · women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) awaiting oocyte donation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Conjugated oral oestrogens vs transdermal 17ß‐estradiol

Endometrial thickness (mm) · girls with Turner syndrome who were treated with prepubertal growth hormone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Conjugated oral oestrogens vs transdermal 17ß‐estradiol

Endometrial histology · girls with Turner syndrome who were treated with prepubertal growth hormone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low vs high 17ß‐oestradiol dose

Endometrial thickness (mm) · young women with Turner syndrome who have completed pubertal induction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hormone therapy for uterine and endometrial development in women with premature ovarian insufficiency 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Methotrexate vs mycophenolate

Proportion of participants with confirmed macular edema (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU

It is very uncertain whether methotrexate changes proportion of participants with confirmed macular edema (lower… compared with mycophenolate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.49 [0.19, 1.3]
1 study · 35 participants
Very low

Methotrexate vs mycophenolate

Proportion of participants achieving steroid‐sparing control (higher number of events is better) · NIIPPU

Methotrexate probably leads to higher proportion of participants achieving steroid‐sparing control§… compared with mycophenolate (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.23 [1.01, 1.5]
2 studies · 261 participants
Moderate

Methotrexate vs mycophenolate

Proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring cessation of medication (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU

Methotrexate showed no clear difference in proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring… compared with mycophenolate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐biologic, steroid‐sparing therapies for non‐infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.43, 2.27]
2 studies · 296 participants
Low