What do systematic reviews say?

Second trimester routine vs selective ultrasound

Second trimester routine probably leads to lower induction of labour for post‐maturity compared with selective ultrasound (moderate certainty).

• Routine ultrasound for fetal assessment before 24 weeks' gestation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.48 [0.31, 0.73]
  6 studies · 24174 participants
  Moderate

Second trimester routine vs selective ultrasound

Second trimester routine probably leads to higher termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality compared with selective ultrasound (moderate certainty).

• Routine ultrasound for fetal assessment before 24 weeks' gestation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.36 [1.13, 4.93]
  4 studies · 26893 participants
  Moderate

Second trimester routine vs selective ultrasound

• Routine ultrasound for fetal assessment before 24 weeks' gestation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

TLS utilising embryo selection software vs conventional incubation and assessment

It is very uncertain whether TLS utilising embryo selection software changes miscarriage compared with conventional incubation and assessment (very low certainty).

• Time‐lapse systems for embryo incubation and assessment in assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.63 [0.45, 0.89]
  3 studies · 1617 participants
  Very low

TLS utilising embryo selection software vs conventional incubation and assessment

• Time‐lapse systems for embryo incubation and assessment in assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 600 participants
  GRADE not reported

TLS utilising embryo selection software vs conventional incubation and assessment

It is very uncertain whether TLS utilising embryo selection software changes clinical pregnancy compared with conventional incubation and assessment (very low certainty).

• Time‐lapse systems for embryo incubation and assessment in assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.95 [0.78, 1.16]
  3 studies · 1617 participants
  Very low

TLS utilising embryo selection software vs TLS with conventional morphological assessment of still TLS images

It is very uncertain whether TLS utilising embryo selection software changes live birth or ongoing pregnancy compared with TLS with conventional morphological assessment of still TLS images (very low certainty).

• Time‐lapse systems for embryo incubation and assessment in assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.61 [0.32, 1.2]
  1 study · 163 participants
  Very low

TLS utilising embryo selection software vs TLS with conventional morphological assessment of still TLS images

It is very uncertain whether TLS utilising embryo selection software changes miscarriage compared with TLS with conventional morphological assessment of still TLS images (very low certainty).

• Time‐lapse systems for embryo incubation and assessment in assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.39 [0.64, 3.01]
  2 studies · 463 participants
  Very low

TLS utilising embryo selection software vs TLS with conventional morphological assessment of still TLS images

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Time‐lapse systems for embryo incubation and assessment in assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

TLS utilising embryo selection software vs TLS with conventional morphological assessment of still TLS images

It is very uncertain whether TLS utilising embryo selection software changes clinical pregnancy compared with TLS with conventional morphological assessment of still TLS images (very low certainty).

• Time‐lapse systems for embryo incubation and assessment in assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.97 [0.67, 1.42]
  2 studies · 463 participants
  Very low

TLS utilising embryo selection software vs conventional incubation and assessment

It is very uncertain whether TLS utilising embryo selection software changes live birth or ongoing pregnancy compared with conventional incubation and assessment (very low certainty).

• Time‐lapse systems for embryo incubation and assessment in assisted reproduction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.12 [0.92, 1.36]
  3 studies · 1617 participants
  Very low

Bispectral index vs treatment guided by clinical assessment alone?

• BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs treatment guided by clinical assessment alone?

BIS monitoring showed no clear difference in duration of mechanical ventilation (measured in days) compared with clinical assessment (low certainty).

• BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 155 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs treatment guided by clinical assessment alone?

• BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 105 participants
  Very low

Bispectral index vs treatment guided by clinical assessment alone?

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• BIS monitoring versus clinical assessment for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Continuous CTG vs intermittent auscultation

Continuous CTG showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with intermittent auscultation (low certainty).

• Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.59, 1.24]
  11 studies · 33513 participants
  Low

Continuous CTG vs intermittent auscultation

Continuous CTG probably leads to lower neonatal seizures compared with intermittent auscultation (moderate certainty).

• Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.31, 0.8]
  9 studies · 32386 participants
  Moderate

Continuous CTG vs intermittent auscultation

Continuous CTG showed no clear difference in cerebral palsy compared with intermittent auscultation (low certainty).

• Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.75 [0.84, 3.63]
  2 studies · 13252 participants
  Low

Continuous CTG vs intermittent auscultation

Continuous CTG may leads to higher caesarean section compared with intermittent auscultation (low certainty).

• Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.63 [1.29, 2.07]
  11 studies · 18861 participants
  Low

Continuous CTG vs intermittent auscultation

Continuous CTG may leads to higher instrumental vaginal birth compared with intermittent auscultation (low certainty).

• Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.15 [1.01, 1.33]
  10 studies · 18615 participants
  Low