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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision

current versions
No studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Acupuncture vs topical antibiotics
Adverse effects · people with acute hordeolum
Acupuncture for acute hordeolum (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Acupuncture vs topical antibiotics plus warm compresses
Resolution of hordeolum at short term · people with acute hordeolum
Acupuncture for acute hordeolum (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1 [0.96, 1.04]1 study · 109 participantsLow
Acupuncture vs topical antibiotics plus warm compresses
Resolution of hordeolum between 8 and 30 days after diagnosis, or that closest to 14 days after diagnosis · people with acute hordeolum
Acupuncture for acute hordeolum (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better · participants aged 18‐60 years with myopia ranging in severity up to 12 diopters (D)
Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.96 [0.82, 1.13]NRVery low
Intervention NR
Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/40 or better · participants aged 18‐60 years with myopia ranging in severity up to 12 diopters (D)
Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.9 [0.67, 1.21]NRVery low
Intervention NR
Proportion of participants who lost two or more lines of best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) · participants aged 18‐60 years with myopia ranging in severity up to 12 diopters (D)
Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Eyes within ± 0.5 D of target refraction · participants aged 18‐60 years with myopia ranging in severity up to 12 diopters (D)
Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.69 [0.48, 0.99]NRVery low
Intervention NR
Postoperative corneal haze · participants aged 18‐60 years with myopia ranging in severity up to 12 diopters (D)
Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 2.11 [0.57, 7.82]NRVery low
Intervention NR
Postoperative pain score: 1 year · participants aged 18‐60 years with myopia ranging in severity up to 12 diopters (D)
Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Adverse events (flap‐complications) · participants aged 18‐60 years with myopia ranging in severity up to 12 diopters (D)
Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Intervention NR
Treatment success (at 6 months) · children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO)
Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Intervention NR
Treatment success (at other time points) · children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO)
Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.13 [0.99, 1.28]1 study · 146 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Proportion of participants requiring secondary procedures · children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO)
Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Cost‐effectiveness · children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO)
Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 163 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Complications · children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO)
Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Information video and counselling to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Change in the prevalence of cataract blindness · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Surgery fee waiver with/without transport provision or reimbursement to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Service utilisation: uptake of referral · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Surgery fee waiver with/without transport provision or reimbursement to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Service utilisation: uptake of surgery · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.94 [1.14, 3.31]1 study · 355 participantsLow
Surgery fee waiver with/without transport provision or reimbursement to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Cataract Surgical Coverage · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Surgery fee waiver with/without transport provision or reimbursement to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Surgical outcome (visual acuity in the operated eye) · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Surgery fee waiver with/without transport provision or reimbursement to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Adverse events · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Information video and counselling to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Prevalence of visual impairment due to cataract · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Information video and counselling to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Service utilisation: uptake of referral · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
OR 1.031 study · 434 participantsLow
Information video and counselling to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Service utilisation: uptake of surgery · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
OR 1.111 study · 434 participantsLow
Information video and counselling to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Cataract Surgical Coverage · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Information video and counselling to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Surgical outcome (visual acuity in the operated eye) · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Information video and counselling to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Adverse events · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Surgery fee waiver with/without transport provision or reimbursement to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Change in the prevalence of cataract blindness · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Surgery fee waiver with/without transport provision or reimbursement to improve access to cataract surgical services vs standard care
Prevalence of visual impairment due to cataract · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ocriplasmin injection vs control
Complete release of vitreous adhesion · people with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion
Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (2017) · Cochrane
RR 3.46 [2, 6]NRHigh
Ocriplasmin injection vs control
Closure of macular hole · people with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion
Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (2017) · Cochrane
RR 2.87 [1.5, 5.51]NRHigh
Ocriplasmin injection vs control
Complete posterior vitreous detachment · people with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion
Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (2017) · Cochrane
RR 2.94 [1.39, 6.24]NRHigh
Ocriplasmin injection vs control
3‐line or greater improvement in best‐corrected visual acuity · people with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion
Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.95 [1.07, 3.53]NRModerate
Ocriplasmin injection vs control
Requirement for vitrectomy · people with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion
Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.67 [0.5, 0.91]NRModerate
Ocriplasmin injection vs control
Mean change in validated visual function questionnaire score from baseline Score ranges from 0 to 100, higher scores are better visual function · people with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion
Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Ocriplasmin injection vs control
Any ocular adverse event · people with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion
Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (2017) · Cochrane
RR 1.22 [1.09, 1.37]NRModerate
Intervention NR
Improvement in symptoms, reported by the child or by their parents/carers, preferably measured by a validated tool, at three months (± one month) after start of treatment · children with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis
Topical treatments for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 137 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Elimination of all clinical signs of ocular surface inflammation ('complete success'), preferably measured by a composite grading system, at three months (± one month) after start of treatment · children with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis
Topical treatments for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Improvement of clinical signs of ocular surface inflammation ('partial success'), preferably measured by a composite grading system, at three months (± one month) after start of treatment · children with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis
Topical treatments for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted137 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Change from baseline in best corrected visual acuity in affected eye(s) in logMAR · children with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis
Topical treatments for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 137 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Uncontrolled or poorly controlled disease progression due to treatment failure, at three months (± one month) after start of treatment · children with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis
Topical treatments for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Adverse effects of medication, at any time during treatment · children with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis
Topical treatments for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 137 participantsVery low
Intervention NR
Quality of life · children with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis
Topical treatments for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Inferior oblique myectomy vs recession
Proportion of participants with postoperative surgical success (hypertropia less than 3 PD in primary gaze) · people with symptom‐producing and/or socially noticeable unilateral overacting inferior oblique muscle; all…
Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 23 participantsUngraded
Inferior oblique disinsertion vs anterior transposition
Proportion of participants with postoperative hypertropia less than 3 PD in down gaze · people with unilateral superior oblique palsy
Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 22 participantsUngraded
Inferior oblique disinsertion vs anterior transposition
Proportion of participants with postoperative hypertropia less than 3 PD in contralateral gaze · people with unilateral superior oblique palsy
Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 22 participantsModerate
Inferior oblique disinsertion vs anterior transposition
Proportion of participants who received additional strabismus surgery · people with unilateral superior oblique palsy
Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane
RR 7 [0.4, 121.39]1 study · 22 participantsVery low
Inferior oblique disinsertion vs anterior transposition
Proportion of participants with reversal of vertical deviation postoperatively · people with unilateral superior oblique palsy
Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 22 participantsUngraded
Inferior oblique disinsertion vs anterior transposition
Proportion of participants with postoperative orbital cellulitis · people with unilateral superior oblique palsy
Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 22 participantsUngraded
Inferior oblique myectomy vs recession
Proportion of participants with anomalous head position preoperatively with residual head tilt postoperatively · people with symptom‐producing and/or socially noticeable unilateral overacting inferior oblique muscle; all…
Surgical interventions for vertical strabismus in superior oblique palsy (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 23 participantsUngraded