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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care
current versionsNo studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Length of stay (days) ‐ oral anticoagulants · saving healthcare resources Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 105 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Length of stay (days) ‐ insulin · saving healthcare resources Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 128 participants | High |
Intervention NR Length of stay (days) ‐ theophylline · saving healthcare resources Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Serum concentrations ‐ theophylline · patients with leading serum concentrations within therapeutic range Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 201 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Length of stay (days) ‐ aminoglycoside antibiotics · saving healthcare resources Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 295 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Length of stay (days) ‐ anti‐rejection drugs · saving healthcare resources Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17828 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Proportion of participants within therapeutic range ‐ aminoglycoside antibiotics: % of participants with peak concentrations adequate after 2 days · patients with leading serum concentrations within therapeutic range Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | RR 4.44 [1.94, 10.13] | 2 studies · 72 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Proportion of participants with toxic drug levels ‐ theophylline · patients with leading serum concentrations within therapeutic range Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.25, 1.13] | 2 studies · 109 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Oral anticoagulants: time in target INR range (%) · patients with leading physiological parameters within therapeutic range Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 13581 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Insulin: time in target glucose range (%) · patients with leading physiological parameters within therapeutic range Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 234 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Time to achieve therapeutic range ‐ oral anticoagulants: time to achieve therapeutic prothrombin ratio (days) · patients with reducing time to achieve therapeutic control Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 223 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Time to achieve therapeutic range ‐ insulin: time to achieve therapeutic control (hours) · patients with reducing time to achieve therapeutic control Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 194 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Time to stabilization ‐ oral anticoagulants: time to stabilization (days) · patients with reducing time to achieve therapeutic control Computerized advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 255 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Patient outcome · Health professionals Educational games for health professionals (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Professional behavior (process of care outcomes) · Health professionals Educational games for health professionals (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Knowledge · Health professionals Educational games for health professionals (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 308 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Satisfaction · Health professionals Educational games for health professionals (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Low |
Intervention NR CLABSI rate up to 12 months  · patients with an indwelling device Interventions to improve professional adherence to guidelines for prevention of device‐related infections (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR CLABSI rate more than 12 months · patients with an indwelling device Interventions to improve professional adherence to guidelines for prevention of device‐related infections (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR VAP rate up to 12 months · patients with an indwelling device Interventions to improve professional adherence to guidelines for prevention of device‐related infections (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Population health outcomes · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District managers’ knowledge measured outside of practice · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR District managers’ skills measured outside of practice · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Population health outcomes · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Access to health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Utilization of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Quality of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Efficiency of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Equity of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District manager job‐posting vacancy rates · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District managers’ knowledge · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Access to health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District managers’ skills · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Utilization of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Efficiency of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Equity of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District manager job‐posting vacancy rates · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District managers’ knowledge · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District managers’ skills · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinical outcomes (fasting blood glucose,random blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, blood cholesterol, peak expiratory flow rate; · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and patients with various diseases* The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1791 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Quality of life ( · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and patients with various diseases* The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 777 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Health service utilisation (rate of hospitalisation, emergency room visits, general practitioner visits; · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and patients with various diseases* The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 590 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cost ( · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and patients with various diseases* The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 350 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Patient Outcome Asthma symptom score (0‐9 score, where 9 indicates maximum impairment and 0 indicates no impairment) ( · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and asthmatic patients The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 43 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Health Service Utilisation · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and asthmatic patients The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cost · Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and asthmatic patients The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Patient outcomes: mean number of decayed teeth per 14- to 15-year-old (data for 0- to 15-year-olds NR) · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Rural community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD 0.75 | 1 study · 1919 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Healthcare costs: mean expenditure in GBP per 0- to 15-year-old (currency year NR) · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 1 year, Northern urban community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD 4.22 | 1 study · 276414 participants | Low |
Capitation remuneration vs Fee-for-service remuneration Measures of health service utilisation: mean number of visits per 0- to 15-year-old · Children (0- to 15-year-olds) undergoing routine continuing dental care at 354 dental practices, in matched pairs of… · 3 years, Rural community The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists (2013) · Cochrane | MD -0.3 | 1 study · 2250 participants | Low |