Cochrane · systematic review · CD010398
The effect of pharmacist‐provided non‐dispensing services on patient outcomes, health service utilisation and costs in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Pande, S, Hiller, JE, Nkansah, N, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2013 · Cochrane Library
Effective Practice and Organisation of CareAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
7
current version
GRADE rated
5
No studies
2
Included studies
NR
No studies 2 · 28.6%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 4 · 57.1%Moderate 1 · 14.3%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Comparison
Population: Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and patients with various diseases*
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical outcomes (fasting blood glucose,random blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, blood cholesterol, peak expiratory flow rate; | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1791 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Quality of life ( | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 777 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Health service utilisation (rate of hospitalisation, emergency room visits, general practitioner visits; | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 590 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Cost ( | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 350 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Comparison
Population: Pharmacies or pharmacists delivering services in outpatient settings and asthmatic patients
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient Outcome Asthma symptom score (0‐9 score, where 9 indicates maximum impairment and 0 indicates no impairment) ( | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 43 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Health Service Utilisation | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cost | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |