It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic changes anastomotic stenosis compared with open transhiatal oesophagectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic changes short‐term recurrence (within 6 months) compared with open transhiatal oesophagectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic changes long‐term recurrence compared with open transhiatal oesophagectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic changes adverse events (proportion) compared with open transhiatal oesophagectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic changes blood transfusion (proportion) compared with open transhiatal oesophagectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy changes short‐term mortality compared with open distal pancreatectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy changes long‐term mortality compared with open distal pancreatectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy changes serious adverse events (proportion) compared with open distal pancreatectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy changes pancreatic fistula (grade B or C) compared with open distal pancreatectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy changes recurrence at maximal compared with open distal pancreatectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy changes adverse events (proportion) compared with open distal pancreatectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy changes positive resection margins compared with open distal pancreatectomy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes all‐cause mortality up to 30 days (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality due to infection up to 30 days (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes people with localised or systemic bacterial or fungal infections ‐… (very low certainty).
The intervention may leads to lower people with localised or systemic bacterial or fungal infections ‐… (low certainty).
The intervention may leads to lower people with bacteraemia or fungaemia (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes people with localised bacterial or fungal infection (very low certainty).