Laryngospasm · patients with general anaesthesia
Early removal of the LMA showed no clear difference in laryngospasm (immediate) compared with late removal of the LMA after general anaesthesia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Desaturation (immediate) · patients with general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether early removal of the LMA changes desaturation (immediate) compared with late removal of the LMA after general anaesthesia (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Airway obstruction (immediate) · patients with general anaesthesia
Early removal of the LMA may leads to higher airway obstruction (immediate) compared with late removal of the LMA after general anaesthesia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Coughing (immediate) · patients with general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether early removal of the LMA changes coughing (immediate) compared with late removal of the LMA after general anaesthesia (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Enamel surface microhardness · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro)
In vitro, a nano-hydroxyapatite-containing orthodontic composite showed significant enamel remineralization versus control in a single study (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Streptococcus mutans count · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35)
The antibacterial (S. mutans) effect of TiO2 nanoparticles was conflicting across two RCTs (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
First-time bracket failure · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
Resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed no difference in first-time bracket failure, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
No differences were observed in the proportions of patients experiencing first-time bracket failures when participants were bonded with either resin adhesive or RM-GIC (p > 0.05).
1 study · 197 participants
GRADE not reported
Streptococcus mutans count · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
Chitosan and TiO2 adhesive reduced S. mutans counts, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
Experimental group: significant decrease in S. mutans count was observed at the time points of 1 day, 2 months, and 6 months for both maxillary lateral incisor (p = 0.01) and maxillary second premolar teeth (p = 0.001).
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported
New white spot lesion incidence (and first-time bracket bond failure) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35)
A single multicenter RCT found resin-modified glass-ionomer cement did not reduce new white spot lesions or bond failures versus conventional composite (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Enamel demineralization / white spot lesion prevention (DIAGNOdent, enamel mineral content) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35)
Two small RCTs gave inconsistent results for TiO2-modified adhesives/composites on enamel demineralization (one favorable on DIAGNOdent, one no difference in mineral content); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
White spot lesion rate and volume · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
Clearfil Protect Bond showed no WSL-rate difference versus conventional adhesive, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
There was no significant difference among the WSL rates of the Clearfil, Opal Seal, and Transbond XT adhesives (p > 0.05).
1 study · 15 participants
GRADE not reported
Enamel mineral content · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
Chitosan and TiO2 adhesive showed no enamel mineral-content difference, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Dental adhesives bonded to sound dentin (in vitro)
Prior SDF without a rinsing step significantly reduces adhesive bond strength to sound dentin (MD 17.52 MPa favoring untreated dentin, 95% CI 5.81 to 29.22; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Dental adhesives/resin composite bonded to dentin (in vitro), sound or caries-affected
Prior SDF application significantly reduces the immediate bond strength of adhesives to dentin overall (MD 7.12 MPa favoring untreated dentin, 95% CI 1.38 to 12.85; ungraded), with very high heterogeneity (I2=98%).
1 finding from 1 review
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Dental adhesives bonded to sound dentin (in vitro)
A rinsing step after SDF eliminates the negative effect on adhesive bond strength to sound dentin (MD 7.11 MPa, 95% CI -0.57 to 14.79, non-significant; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Dental adhesives bonded to caries-affected dentin (in vitro)
Prior SDF followed by a rinsing step significantly increases adhesive bond strength to caries-affected dentin (MD -4.79 MPa favoring SDF, 95% CI -9.19 to -0.40; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Dental adhesives bonded to caries-affected dentin (in vitro)
Only one study assessed SDF without a rinsing step on adhesive bonding to caries-affected dentin (Kucukyilmaz 2016, which reported impaired bond strength); no meta-analysis was possible, so no pooled estimate is available.
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea · women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section
5‐HT3 antagonists may leads to lower nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Vomiting ‐ intraoperative · women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section
It is very uncertain whether corticosteroids changes vomiting ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea · women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section
Corticosteroids probably leads to lower nausea ‐ postoperative compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review