Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,763 questions · 1,835 findings · 201 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 414 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 51 · 2.8%Very low 570 · 31.1%Low 468 · 25.5%Moderate 272 · 14.8%High 60 · 3.3%

Therapeutic swallowing exercises vs treatment

Swallowing function/efficiency Measured using a rating of oropharyngeal swallowing efficiency (OPSE) quantifying the interaction of the speed of bolus movement and safety/efficiency in clearing material from the oropharynx Dysphagia is defined as ... · adults with advanced head and neck cancer

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic swallowing exercises changes swallowing function/efficiency Measured using a rating of… compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic swallowing exercises vs treatment

Adverse event: Weight loss (> 10%) Change in nutritional status reflected by a patient's weight at 6 weeks after treatment · adults with advanced head and neck cancer

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic swallowing exercises changes adverse event: Weight loss (> 10%) Change in nutritional status… compared with treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Therapeutic swallowing exercises vs treatment

Adverse event: Weight change Patient's body weight 6 months before the start of treatment was retrieved from the patient's medical notes and "relative weight change" was calculated as the percentage weight change relative to the weight at week 0 6... · adults with advanced head and neck cancer

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic swallowing exercises changes adverse event: Weight change Patient's body weight 6 months before… compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic swallowing exercises vs sham

Adverse event: Weight loss (> 10%) Change in nutritional status reflected by a patient's weight at 6 weeks after treatment · adults with advanced head and neck cancer

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic swallowing exercises changes adverse event: Weight loss (> 10%) Change in nutritional status… compared with sham intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table for metformin plus intensive diet and exercise vs intensive diet and exercise

Development of type 2 diabetes · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table for metformin plus intensive diet and… changes incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (N) Diagnostic criteria: 2… compared with intensive diet and exercise (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review