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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,297 questions · 3,638 findings · 215 reviews · Oral Health

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No studies found 98 · 2.7%GRADE not reported 2,946 · 81%Very low 263 · 7.2%Low 158 · 4.3%Moderate 137 · 3.8%High 36 · 1%

Electronic cigarette use vs Non-smokers

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) · Humans who use e-cigarettes (mostly adults, often with periodontal disease) assessed for oral proinflammatory markers

Meta-analysis suggests no significant effect of e-cigarette use on the salivary level of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (11 studies), though heterogeneity was high (I2=97%) and the pooled estimate appears only in Figure 3B (unavailable); GCF data were limited (2 study(ies)) (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydroxyapatite (e.g., nano-HAp) vs Fluoride agent (e.g., NaF/SDF/KF/CaF2)

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro)

In the Etch-and-Rinse adhesive + chemical ACAD protocol network, HAp vs Fluorine showed no significant difference in 24 h bond strength (MD 4.960, 95% CI -1.806 to 11.727; Low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Health expenditure per capita vs Not applicable

Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

No statistically significant difference in OHRQoL was reported by health expenditure per capita.

1 finding from 1 review

Very high Human Development Index (HDI >=0.800) vs High Human Development Index (HDI 0.700-0.799)

Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)

HDI was not independently associated with DMFT category in the adjusted model (OR 1.82, 95% CI 0.32 to 10.47); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Ion-releasing restorations (IRR): RMGIC, HVGIC, GIC, compomer/PMRC, giomer vs Composite resin (CR), including bulk-fill composite

Absence of wear · Children receiving dental restorations (aged 4-11 years; primary teeth; Class I/II/V cavities)

Wear was assessed in a single trial and was not pooled or GRADE-rated (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Country-level edentulism prevalence (Global Burden of Disease) vs Low vs high edentulism prevalence

Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

OHRQoL did not differ significantly by country-level edentulism prevalence; no pooled estimate was reported in the text (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Vital permanent teeth (mature or immature) with deep or extremely deep caries and asymptomatic pulp or reversible pulpitis, undergoing…

Mineral trioxide aggregate shows higher odds of clinical and radiographic success than calcium hydroxide (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.70 to 5.45; ungraded subgroup analysis).

1 finding from 1 review

HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy, >=3 drugs) vs HIV-positive not receiving HAART (standard ART or HAART-naive)

Dental caries in permanent teeth · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

Among HIV+ children, HAART was associated with a significantly higher DMFT index than no HAART in case-control studies (MD 2.02, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.80; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) vs Reference standard (histology; some ICDAS/radiography)

Proximal caries detection: specificity · Extracted human teeth (in vitro); permanent teeth, proximal (approximal) surfaces

In vitro, QLF pooled specificity for proximal caries detection was 0.74 (3 permanent-teeth studies; no primary-dentition data; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review