Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,071 questions · 1,114 findings · 142 reviews

No studies found 326 · 29.3%GRADE not reported 90 · 8.1%Very low 283 · 25.4%Low 247 · 22.2%Moderate 150 · 13.5%High 18 · 1.6%

Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention

Change in weight (kg) · People wanting to quit smoking

Behavioural weight management interventions showed no clear difference in mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment ‐ Weight management… compared with brief advice or no intervention (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention

Smoking cessation · People wanting to quit smoking

Behavioural weight management interventions showed no clear difference in smoking cessation at 6 months ‐ Weight management education versus… compared with brief advice or no intervention (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Diarrhoea prevalence Controlled cohort studies: Sanitation Hygiene Education and Water Supply in Bangladesh (SHEWA‐B) intervention · adults and children

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes diarrhoea prevalence Controlled cohort studies: Sanitation Hygiene… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Client‐based education (nurses or pharmacists educated and nurses vaccinated participants) compared to no intervention · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Increasing community demand leads to higher client‐based education (nurses or pharmacists educated and nurses… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Client‐based education (nurses educated and vaccinated participants) compared to nurses educated participants · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Increasing community demand leads to higher client‐based education (nurses educated and vaccinated participants)… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Educational reminders, academic detailing, and peer comparisons to physicians compared to mailed educational materials · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in educational reminders, academic detailing, and peer comparisons to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Educational outreach plus feedback to practice teams versus written feedback to practice teams · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to lower educational outreach plus feedback to practice teams versus written… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Client reminder and recall (telephone call from retired teacher plus educational brochure) compared to usual publicity · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Increasing community demand leads to higher client reminder and recall (telephone call from retired teacher plus… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tricyclic antidepressants vs behavioural interventions

Number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of treatment ‐ imipramine vs 3 step therapy + motivation/counselling + education · children with nocturnal enuresis

Tricyclics may leads to higher number not achieving 14 consecutive dry nights at the end of… compared with behavioural interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review